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Valeria Fumagalli et al.
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Hussin A. Rothan et al.
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Gwenaelle Douaud et al.
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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
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Lisa Bauer et al.
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Virology
Mariano Carossino et al.
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Janhavi Prasad Natekar et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ibolya Rutkai et al.
Summary: COVID-19 infection can lead to neurological manifestations, and animal models can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. In this study, neuroinflammation, microhemorrhages, and brain hypoxia were observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates, even in those without severe respiratory disease. These findings are important for understanding the neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may help explain the neurological symptoms associated with long COVID.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Microbiology
Ferran Tarres-Freixas et al.
Summary: The study found that the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants show heterogeneous infectivity and pathogenesis in mice models, with B.1.351/Beta variant being the most pathogenic and BA.1.1/Omicron leading to lower viral RNA levels.
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Scott E. Guimond et al.
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ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
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Review
Neurosciences
Laura Ziuzia-Januszewska et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathogenesis of smell impairment in COVID-19 and suggests potential avenues for future research. Multiple theories have been proposed, including sensorineural damage, infection of olfactory epithelium support cells, and disruption of olfactory pathways. However, the exact mechanisms are still not fully elucidated and require further investigation.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sydney B. Stein et al.
Summary: This study provides new insights into the extent of COVID-19 infection in patients. It reveals that SARS-CoV-2 can be widely distributed throughout the body, including the brain, and can persist for up to 230 days, particularly in severe cases.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony Fernandez-Castaneda et al.
Summary: COVID survivors may experience lingering neurological symptoms similar to cognitive impairment related to cancer therapy. Research has found that respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause white-matter-selective microglial reactivity and affect neurogenesis and CCL11 levels.
Review
Immunology
Tom Aschman et al.
Summary: There is still a lack of conclusive evidence showing that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect brain cells. Therefore, research should focus on the host's immune response to understand the neurocognitive symptoms associated with the infection.
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Clinical Neurology
Geidy E. Serrano et al.
Summary: Brains of 42 COVID-19 decedents and 107 non-COVID-19 controls were studied. SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences were detected in the brains of COVID-19 subjects, suggesting the possible entry of the virus through the olfactory bulb. Gene expression changes related to immune response, neuronal constituents, and olfactory/taste receptor genes were observed in the brains of COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Wang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have become dominant in the United States and South Africa, raising concerns about their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies and compromise the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. A systematic antigenic analysis reveals that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have different levels of resistance to antibodies, with BA.2.12.1 being modestly resistant and BA.4/5 being substantially resistant. Certain mutations in the spike protein facilitate antibody escape, but compromise the spike affinity for the viral receptor. Only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both subvariants.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 have higher transmissibility and increased evasion of neutralizing antibodies compared to the BA.2 lineage. They exhibit similar binding affinities to the ACE2 receptor as BA.2. BA.1 infection after vaccination boosts humoral immune memory against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, but these antibodies are largely evaded by BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 variants.
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Clinical Neurology
Edith L. Graham et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is a multisystem disease with significant and long-lasting neurologic consequences. In addition to relatively benign symptoms like headache, muscle pain, and loss of smell, COVID-19 can cause severe neurologic injuries that persist after the acute illness. Understanding the disease mechanisms and developing therapies targeting the neurologic complications are crucial for the management of COVID-19 patients.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Virology
Lok Bahadur Shrestha et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a major public health concern due to its high infectivity and antibody evasion. It has rapidly become the dominant variant worldwide and has evolved through several variants. The evolution of Omicron is thought to be influenced by zoonotic spillage, infection in immunocompromised individuals, and undiagnosed spread in the community. Current research suggests that Omicron is more infectious than the original Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta variants, but less severe in terms of its impact on lung tissue. Vaccines have shown reduced effectiveness against Omicron, but booster shots can improve efficacy. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have limited effectiveness against Omicron, with some exceptions. New variants, such as BA.4 and BA.5, are emerging and are reported to be more transmissible and resistant to immunity generated by previous variants and monoclonal antibodies.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
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Federico Armando et al.
Summary: This study compares virus spread and pathology in Syrian golden hamsters infected with different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and finds that the Omicron variant causes milder pathology.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Janice Hopkins Tanne
BMJ-British Medical Journal
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Virology
Kexin Yan et al.
Summary: This study reports the emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 strain capable of independent infection from ACE2 receptors, and the evolution of mouse-adapted (MA) SARS-CoV-2 through serial passaging in co-cultures of cell lines expressing hACE2 and mACE2. The MA viruses showed distinct changes in the spike protein, which are also found in human isolates. They replicated efficiently in mouse lungs and nasal turbinates, and caused characteristic lung histopathology. One MA virus also evolved to replicate efficiently in ACE2-negative cells across different species. These findings reveal a novel infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and have potential implications for disease pathogenesis, evolution, tropism, and intervention development.
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Medicine, General & Internal
Tinh Quang Dang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to respiratory disorders and other complications, including neurological manifestations. This case report describes a young woman with neurological symptoms and a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid. This is the first case report in the Omicron era.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izumi Kimura et al.
Summary: After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, several BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.9.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries. Statistical analysis showed that these BA.2 subvariants have higher effective reproduction numbers than the original BA.2. Neutralization experiments revealed that the immunity induced by BA.1/2 infections is less effective against BA.4/5. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 replicate more efficiently in human alveolar epithelial cells than BA.2, with BA.4/5 being more fusogenic. The study also provided the structure of the BA.4/5 spike receptor-binding domain and investigated the substitutions in the BA.4/5 spike that play a role in ACE2 binding and immune evasion. Additionally, experiments using hamsters suggested that BA.4/5 is more pathogenic than BA.2. The multiscale investigations suggest that the risk of BA.2 subvariants, particularly BA.4/5, to global health is greater than that of the original BA.2.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gabriela Camelia Rosu et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the morphological changes of vascular basement membranes (vBMs) and perivascular astrocytes in COVID-19 patients. The results showed lower branching complexities of astrocytes and increased irregularities of vBMs in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, vessel diameters were increased, tight junctions between endothelial cells were reduced, and AQP4 expression in astrocytes was decreased in COVID-19 brains.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chi-Sheng Chen et al.
Summary: This study reviewed cases of pediatric patients in Taiwan with severe neurological symptoms caused by COVID-19 infection and identified a new mutation in the S protein that may explain the sudden increase in extremely adverse neurological symptoms in children.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samudyata et al.
Summary: Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in SARS-CoV-2 infection, but their mechanisms are unknown. Using a brain organoid model, researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers neuronal cell death and disrupts circuit integrity through microglia-mediated synapse elimination, potentially contributing to cognitive impairments in COVID-19 patients.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryuta Uraki et al.
Summary: The BA.2 sublineage of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has become dominant globally, but the prevalence of BA.4 and BA.5 is rapidly increasing in certain regions. This study found no significant differences in growth ability or pathogenicity between BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 isolates in rodent models, and they exhibited lower pathogenicity compared to a previously circulating Delta isolate. Furthermore, in vivo competition experiments showed that BA.5 outcompeted BA.2 in hamsters, while BA.4 and BA.2 had similar fitness.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evan Xu et al.
Summary: Individuals with COVID-19 have an increased risk of developing a range of neurologic disorders at 12 months, even if they were not hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection.
Review
Neurosciences
Michelle Monje et al.
Summary: This article reviews the impact of persistent neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms on the central nervous system after COVID-19 and discusses the possible neurobiological basis for the cognitive symptoms experienced by COVID-19 survivors.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Ilona Karpiel et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased interest in using artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. This paper provides a systematic review of EEG findings in COVID-19 patients and the databases and tools used in AI algorithms to support the diagnosis of lung diseases and the correlation between lung disease and brain damage.
Article
Microbiology
Weili Kong et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the lung, but can also damage other organs, including the brain. This study found that astrocytes are easily infected by the virus, with neuropilin-1 serving as the principal receptor for cell entry. Infection leads to changes in gene expression related to immune signaling and inflammation, creating a microenvironment in the central nervous system that disrupts normal neuron function and promotes neuronal cell death.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicole Wolter et al.
Summary: Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5 drove a fifth wave of COVID-19 cases in South Africa. The severity of BA.4/BA.5 infections was similar to BA.1 infections and lower than the Delta variant.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa et al.
Summary: This study reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron mainly uses the endocytosis pathway for viral entry and shows reduced infection in TMPRSS2 knockout mice. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of TMPRSS2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection in murine airways and other variants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Danielle Beckman et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect the brain and induce neuroinflammation and neuronal damage, especially in aged, diabetic animals, which is crucial for reducing the short-term and long-term burden of COVID-19.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pinar Mesci et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 can replicate in human brain cells and cause death of neural cells, leading to neurological symptoms including loss of excitatory synapses in neurons. The FDA-approved antiviral Sofosbuvir can inhibit viral replication and reverse these neuronal alterations, providing a cellular basis for treating COVID-19-related neurological defects.
Article
Microbiology
Cameron R. Bishop et al.
Summary: The debate on how well mouse models recapitulate the transcriptional profiles seen in humans is ongoing. While there are differences in gene overlap, analyses of immune signatures and inflammatory pathways indicate a significant concordance between species.
Article
Neurosciences
Gretel Sanabria-Diaz et al.
Summary: This study assessed the cortical gray matter volume, thickness, and surface area in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with neurological symptoms. The findings suggest that viral-triggered inflammation leads to neurotoxic damage in certain cortical areas during the acute phase of the infection.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Diya Surie et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anupriya Aggarwal et al.
Summary: The study reveals that all Omicron variants significantly evade neutralizing antibodies from a range of vaccination and/or convalescent responses. The potency of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is also reduced and varies across Omicron lineages. The key difference of the BA.5 variant from other Omicron sub-variants is the reversion to using the well-known ACE2-TMPRSS2 pathway, which was efficiently utilized by pre-Omicron lineages. Monitoring the impact of these changes on transmission and disease severity is crucial for ongoing tracking and management of Omicron waves globally.
Article
Neurosciences
Lisa Bauer et al.
Summary: The Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence compared to the ancestral strain D614G, as shown in in vitro and in vivo experiments.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Md Asiful Islam et al.
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the characteristics and outcomes of encephalitis in COVID-19 patients. It found that SARS-CoV-2, although primarily infecting the respiratory system, can also affect the central nervous system, causing neurological manifestations such as encephalitis.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alain-Claude Kouamen et al.
Summary: The characteristics and clinical symptoms of individuals infected with BA.4 or BA.5 in France were found to be different from other variants, but overall, no severe clinical presentations were reported. The presence of risk factors significantly increased the risk of hospitalization among those infected with BA.4 or BA.5.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Khushi Khurana et al.
Summary: With the evolving understanding of COVID-19, researchers have found that acute anosmia and ageusia are among the neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor plays a crucial role in the anosmia process. Treatments such as olfactory training, corticosteroids, caffeine, insulin, or minocycline may be effective for COVID-19 individuals who have lost their sense of smell.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Pelizzari et al.
Summary: This neuroimaging exploratory study analyzed the medium-term effect of COVID-19 on the brain of people who recovered from COVID-19, experienced anosmia during the acute phase of the disease, and have never been hospitalized due to the infection. The results showed that COVID-19 may produce mid/long-term microstructural effects on the brain, even in cases of mild-to-moderate disease not requiring hospitalization. Further investigation and follow-ups are needed to assess the recovery of these alterations over time.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rayhanel Nchioua et al.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuxin Hou et al.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Maxime Taquet et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with increased risks of neurological and psychiatric sequelae. The duration of these risks, their impact on children and adults, and the differences in risk profiles among SARS-CoV-2 variants remain unclear. A 2-year retrospective cohort study analyzed data from electronic health records of COVID-19 patients and found that the risk trajectories differed based on age and outcome. While the risk of mood and anxiety disorders returned to baseline after 1-2 months, the risks of cognitive deficit, dementia, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy or seizures remained increased at the end of the 2-year follow-up period. Children had a more benign overall profile of psychiatric risk but sustained higher risk for certain diagnoses. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual and population-level risks of neurological and psychiatric disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Review
Immunology
Susan M. Burks et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic by March 11, leading to significant impacts on global daily life and causing widespread fatalities. Many infected individuals may experience symptoms involving the central nervous system, indicating potential routes of virus spread beyond the respiratory system.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eric Song et al.
Summary: The study showed through three approaches that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting brain neurons, leading to metabolic changes and pathological features without triggering type I interferon responses. These results provide evidence for the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV-2 and the unexpected consequence of direct infection of neurons by the virus.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jenny Meinhardt et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and brain, suggesting the virus may enter the CNS through the olfactory mucosa. The virus utilizes the neural-mucosal interface in the olfactory mucosa to penetrate the nervous system, affecting various neuroanatomical areas, including the primary respiratory and cardiovascular control center.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Azalea T. Pajo et al.
Summary: This study found that neuropathologic changes in patients who died following SARS-CoV-2 infection included diffuse edema, gliosis, infarctions, intracranial bleed, arteriosclerosis, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and signs of inflammation. Most patients were over 65 years old and male. The main cause of death was attributed to the cardiorespiratory system.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shibani S. Mukerji et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection in causing COVID-19 can lead to a range of neurological symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and the potential for neuroinvasion by the virus is uncertain. Human autopsies have revealed the neuropathological consequences of infection, and incorporating brain tissue research findings into our understanding of clinical disease will guide management and research priorities related to neurological morbidity.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Pratima Kumari et al.
Summary: The study demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to neuroinvasion and encephalitis in K18-hACE2 mice, resulting in mortality. While the highest virus titers were observed in the lungs, high levels of infectious virus were also found in the brains of the infected mice. The severity of the disease in infected mice correlated with peak viral levels in the brain.
Article
Microbiology
Claude Kwe Yinda et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that humanized transgenic mice developed dose-dependent disease when inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, showing upper and lower respiratory tract infection with viral replication also in the brain. The pathological and immunological manifestations observed in these mice resemble human COVID-19, suggesting the model's usefulness in elucidating COVID-19 pathogenesis and testing countermeasures.
Article
Microbiology
Nora Schmidt et al.
Summary: Characterizing the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs and host cell proteins during infection can enhance our understanding of viral RNA functions and the host innate immune response. Identification of specific host proteins that restrict viral replication and exploring defense strategies will aid in the development of targeted therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Gema M. Olivarria et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Asim Z. Abbasi et al.
Summary: The expression of the TMPRSS2 gene in host cells may affect the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and the outcomes of infection, especially with different expressions in various ethnic groups leading to varying disease susceptibilities. This gene may serve as a potential target in COVID-19 treatment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Isabel Siow et al.
Summary: While COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, it can also lead to neurological complications such as encephalitis and stroke. Encephalitis as a complication of COVID-19 is relatively rare but has a higher mortality rate and results in significant morbidity. Severely ill COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of developing encephalitis as a complication of the infection.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aniello Maiese et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the central nervous system, leading to neurological manifestations, which are likely due to systemic inflammation and coagulopathy caused by COVID-19. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and identify other possible alterations in neural tissue.
Article
Immunology
Marius Schwabenland et al.
Summary: The study found profound neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients, with activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. These pathological changes are associated with systemic inflammation and disturbed hemostasis, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew C. Yang et al.
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 exhibited widespread cellular perturbations in the brain, including the relay of peripheral inflammation into the brain by choroid plexus barrier cells and infiltration of peripheral T cells. Additionally, COVID-19 affected synaptic signaling of upper-layer excitatory neurons linked to cognitive function.
Article
Virology
Kexin Yan et al.
Summary: This study introduces a simple in vitro drug screening method to identify potential anti-viral drugs by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effects. An additional growth assay showed that some drugs exhibit anti-viral activity at concentrations inducing cytomorbidity.
Review
Neurosciences
Ifeoluwa O. Awogbindin et al.
Summary: Since December 2019, humanity has been facing the devastating SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, resulting in over 3.1 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to neurological symptoms and potentially cause chronic or permanent changes to neural tissues.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Kun Li et al.
Summary: The serine protease inhibitors camostat and nafamostat have shown potential in limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in respiratory tract, with nafamostat exhibiting greater potency. Preclinical evidence supports the efficacy of nafamostat in treating and/or preventing COVID-19 in mice models sensitized to SARS-CoV-2 infection by introducing human ACE2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alberto A. Amarilla et al.
Summary: The study shows that a simplified reverse genetics method can efficiently assemble infectious full-length cDNA, enabling easier in vitro and in vivo characterization of viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
John F. Fullard et al.
Summary: Despite the absence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 in the brain at the time of death, the findings suggest significant and persistent neuroinflammation in patients with acute COVID-19. Single-cell transcriptomics studies revealed transcriptional changes in various cell types in specific brain regions of COVID-19 patients, including cellular activation, mobility, and phagocytosis.
Article
Microbiology
Daniel J. Rawle et al.
Summary: This study identified key amino acids in mouse ACE2 that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and developed a lentivirus system to express human ACE2 in mouse lungs, leading to a model with inflammatory responses similar to human COVID-19. The importance of interferon signaling in driving inflammatory responses was shown using genetically modified mice, and the hACE2-lentivirus system was demonstrated to be useful for vaccine evaluation in mouse models, highlighting its potential for SARS-CoV-2 research.
Review
Immunology
Ali Sepehrinezhad et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 has neuroinvasive properties, leading to various neurological manifestations, with the inflammasome potentially triggering an inflammatory form of cell death (pyroptosis) and contributing to associated neurological complications.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Zhang et al.
Summary: The study found evidence supporting that SARS-CoV-2 can cross the blood-brain barrier in transcellular pathways based on experiments in mice and hamsters. The transmission pathway involves disrupted basement membrane without obvious alteration of tight junctions.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingfu Tian et al.
Summary: The cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 is a major pathological feature of COVID-19, with HIF-1α and pro-inflammatory cytokines playing key roles in infection and inflammatory responses. The production of HIF-1α, inflammatory responses, and high mortalities in elderly patients indicate its crucial role in exacerbating COVID-19.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Jiao et al.
Summary: This study investigated the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 in a non-human primate model and found that the virus primarily invades the central nervous system via the olfactory bulb, then quickly spreads to different functional regions, possibly inducing inflammation. This experimental evidence provides important insights into the CNS-related pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jian Zheng et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Experimental studies in animals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have revealed severe lung and brain damage, as well as early onset anosmia in mice. Excitingly, infusion of convalescent plasma from recovered patients has shown to protect against lethal disease, though it does not prevent anosmia.
Article
Neurosciences
Michael A. Durante et al.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Lotta E. Oikari et al.
Letter
Cell Biology
Bao-Zhong Zhang et al.
Letter
Anesthesiology
Gaetano Bulfamante et al.
MINERVA ANESTESIOLOGICA
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abhik K. Banerjee et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anand Ramani et al.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Pinto et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prabhu S. Arunachalam et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri et al.
Article
Neurosciences
Osama Al-Dalahmah et al.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
C. Korin Bullen et al.
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Evelien Houben et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Microbiology
Jane A. C. Wilson et al.
Article
Virology
Jason Netland et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2008)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
BJ Johnson et al.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2005)
