Circadian oscillation in primary cilium length by clock genes regulates fibroblast cell migration

Various mammalian cells have autonomous cellular clocks that are produced by the transcriptional cycle of clock genes. Cellular clocks provide circadian rhythms for cellular functions via transcriptional and cytoskeletal regulation. The vast majority of mammalian cells possess a primary cilium, an organelle protruding from the cell surface. Here, we investigated the little-known relationship between circadian rhythm and primary cilia. The length and number of primary cilia showed circadian dynamics both in vitro and in vivo. The circadian rhythm of primary cilium length was abolished by SR9011 and Bmal1 knockout. A centrosomal protein, pericentrin, transiently accumulates in centriolar satellites, the base of primary cilia at the shortest cilia phase, and induces elongation of primary cilia at the longest cilia phase in the circadian rhythm of primary cilia. In addition, rhythmic cell migration during wound healing depends on the length of primary cilia and affects the rate of wound healing. Our findings demonstrate that the circadian dynamics of primary cilium length by clock genes control fibroblast migration and could provide new insights into chronobiology. imageClock genes regulate the length of primary cilia through the subcellular localization of centriolar satellites. Circadian dynamics in primary cilium length regulate fibroblast migration.The length of primary cilia exhibits circadian oscillation of approximately 24 h cycle.Pericentrin-positive centriolar satellites contribute to the generation of circadian rhythm in primary cilium length.Circadian oscillation of primary cilium length contributes to the generation of circadian rhythm in Hedgehog signaling.Circadian dynamics of fibroblast migration depend on the length of primary cilia. Clock genes regulate the length of primary cilia through the subcellular localization of centriolar satellites. Circadian dynamics in primary cilium length regulate fibroblast migration.image

Automated summary

Clock genes regulate the length of primary cilia through circadian dynamics, which affects fibroblast migration. The length of primary cilia exhibits circadian oscillation and controls the migration of fibroblasts.