A 3D-Printed Cuttlefish Bone Elastomeric Sponge Rapidly Controlling Noncompressible Hemorrhage

Developing a self-expanding hemostatic sponge with high blood absorption and rapid shape recovery for noncompressible hemorrhage remains a challenge. In this study, a 3D-printed cuttlefish bone elastomeric sponge (CBES) is fabricated, which combined ordered channels and porous structures, presented tunable mechanical strength, and shape memory potentials. The incorporation of cuttlefish bone powder (CBp) plays key roles in concentrating blood components, promoting aggregation of red blood cells and platelets, and activating platelets, which makes CBES show enhanced hemostatic performance compared with commercial gelatin sponges in vivo. Moreover, CBES promotes more histiocytic infiltration and neovascularization in the early stage of degradation than gelatin sponges, which is conducive to the regeneration and repair of injured tissue. To conclude, CBp loaded 3D-printed elastomeric sponges can promote coagulation, present the potential to guide tissue healing, and broaden the hemostatic application of traditional Chinese medicine. This study developed a 3D-printed self-expanding cuttlefish bone elastomeric sponge (CBES) for controlling noncompressible hemorrhage. The incorporation of cuttlefish bone powder (CBp) gives CBES hemostatic functionality. The CBES with an ordered channel structure can rapidly absorb blood, leading to expansion and concentration of blood components. With the assistance of CBp, clotting cascade reactions are activated, accelerating hemostasis. Additionally, CBES is biodegradable and does not require secondary removal.image

Automated summary

Developing a self-expanding hemostatic sponge with high blood absorption and rapid shape recovery remains a challenge. In this study, a 3D-printed cuttlefish bone elastomeric sponge (CBES) was fabricated, which showed enhanced hemostatic performance compared to commercial gelatin sponges. The incorporation of cuttlefish bone powder (CBp) played a key role in promoting blood coagulation and tissue healing. CBES had an ordered channel structure that allowed for rapid blood absorption and concentration, leading to accelerated hemostasis.