Molecular Mechanisms of Sanguinarine in Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Historically, natural plant-derived drugs received a great impact of consideration in the treatment of several human-associated disorders. Cancer is a devastating disease and the second most cause of mortality. Sanguinarine (SANG), a naturally isolated plant alkaloidal agent, possesses chemo-preventive effects. Several studies have revealed that SANG impedes tumor metastasis and development by disrupting a wide range of cell signaling pathways and its molecular targets, such as BCL-2, MAPKs, Akt, NF-kappa B, ROS, and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, its low chemical stability and poor oral bioavailability remain key issues in its use as a medicinal molecule. A novel method (e.g., liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles) and alternative analogs provide an exciting approach to alleviate these problems and broaden its pharmacokinetic profile. Cancer-specific miRNA expression is synchronized by SANG, which has also been uncertain. In this critical study, we review the utilization of SANG mimics and nano-technologies to improve its support in cancer. We focus on recently disclosed studies on SANG anti-cancer properties.

Automated summary

Historically, natural plant-derived drugs have played an important role in treating human-related diseases. Sanguinarine (SANG), a naturally isolated plant alkaloidal agent, has been found to impede tumor metastasis and development by disrupting various cell signaling pathways. However, its low chemical stability and poor oral bioavailability need to be addressed. The utilization of nano-technologies provides an exciting approach to improve the efficacy of SANG in cancer treatment. SANG has also shown the ability to regulate cancer-specific miRNA expression, but the mechanism remains unclear.