Related references
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Summary: We can distinguish between lying and misleading based on whether the content and its truth-committing force are literally conveyed or not. Lying involves presenting false information with full assertoric commitment, while misleading involves presenting it without full assertoric commitment, through hints or implications. The distinction also applies to asserting with pictures. This article aims to explain and provide support for the adverbial account by examining the debate between the two accounts.
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JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS
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Linguistics
Siqi Lyu et al.
Summary: Previous studies have found that recipients take into account the speaker's face management concerns during the interpretation of scalar terms and probability expressions. This study conducted two experiments in Chinese to examine the recipient's perception of the speaker's implicit promise, which threatens the speaker's own face. The results showed that participants perceived lower commitment from speakers when their negative face was threatened.
JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS
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Linguistics
Patrick Georg Grosz et al.
Summary: This paper analyzes face emoji that accompany written text, proposing that they serve to comment on a specific proposition expressed by the text rather than contribute independently to the discourse. The focus is on positively and negatively valenced emoji, arguing that they comment on how the target proposition aligns with the author's endorsed discourse values. The analysis reveals various interesting findings, including ordering restrictions, cases of mixed emotions, and the influence of accompanying text on the acceptability of a face emoji.
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Linguistics
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Summary: In the current debate on the lying-misleading distinction, theorists differentiate between lying as insincere assertion and misleading through conveying an untruthful implicature. Growing empirical evidence suggests that average speakers consider untruthful implicatures as instances of lying, with the degree of commitment being the determining factor. A realistic understanding of lying should encompass untruthful conversational implicatures that can arise with non-assertions and untruthful presuppositions, leading to a commitment-based definition proposed by several authors.
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Linguistics
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Summary: This paper proposes a semantic classification of emoji-text combinations, focusing on face emoji and activity emoji. It argues that activity emoji serve as event descriptions connected to the accompanying text through suitable discourse relations, while face emoji comment on a proposition provided by the text. The paper also investigates the interactions between emoji and negation in linguistic expressions, showing that both face emoji and activity emoji do not generally scope under negation.
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Psychology, Experimental
Patrizia Paggio et al.
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Article
Linguistics
Wen Yuan et al.
Summary: Speakers bear responsibility for their utterances in communication, but their commitment to what is explicitly said versus what is implicated varies. This study suggests that the nature of the speech act influences the level of commitment, with promises showing higher commitment to both said and implicated contents compared to assertions.
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Massimiliano Vignolo
Summary: This paper discusses the notion of what is said in says-based definitions of lying and proposes the advantages of a conventions-based notion of utterance content.
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Law
Marcel Danesi
Summary: Since 2015, emojis have been increasingly utilized in court cases as evidence of criminal intent or consciousness of guilt. They have become part of a growing visual lexicon of aggression used by individuals and gangs for making threats or planning criminal activities.
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Lindsay McShane et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates how emojis impact online brand engagement on Twitter, with more emojis leading to increased likes and retweets. The role of perceived playfulness in explaining this effect is explored, highlighting the importance of the interaction between emojis and text.
JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE MARKETING
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Jessica Rett
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Summary: The paper explores how accused individuals respond to accusations of inappropriate speech by denying commitment to implicatures or literal meanings. By categorizing denial strategies and discussing when they are reasonable, the paper provides insights into how individuals defend themselves in such situations.
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