A paper tiger in the fog of governance: Norway's riddle in biodiversity matters

Effective biodiversity protection is generally associated with a strict rule of law and democratic participation in environmental decision making. Norway's exceptional ranking in terms of governance, however, has failed to be a predictor of effective biodiversity protection. Through a systematic review of the main regulatory frameworks relevant to protecting biodiversity in Norway, this article analyses the misconceptions, perverse incentives and institutional bottlenecks that lie at the centre of the problem. The analysis finds three overarching barriers that regulatory frameworks have created to the effective protection and promotion of biodiversity in Norway, namely, a governance system based on diffuse legal obligations and responsibilities, excessive trust in private operators and considerable discretion to local entities. Accordingly, this article proposes three enabling factors, and related reform suggestions, for mitigating such barriers and domesticating earth system governance in biodiversity matters.

Automated summary

Norway's exceptional governance ranking does not accurately predict effective biodiversity protection. Through analyzing the regulatory frameworks for biodiversity protection in Norway, this article identifies misconceptions, perverse incentives, and institutional bottlenecks that contribute to the problem. It proposes enabling factors and reform suggestions to address these barriers and promote earth system governance in biodiversity matters.