RFX6 facilitates aerobic glycolysis-mediated growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting PGAM1

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells undergo reprogramming of glucose metabolism to support uncontrolled proliferation, of which the intrinsic mechanism still merits further investigation. Although regulatory factor X6 (RFX6) is aberrantly expressed in different cancers, its precise role in cancer development remains ambiguous.MethodsMicroarrays of HCC tissues were employed to investigate the expression of RFX6 in tumour and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Functional assays were employed to explore the role of RFX6 in HCC development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, untargeted metabolome profiling and sequencing were performed to identify potential downstream genes and pathways regulated by RFX6. Metabolic assays were employed to investigate the effect of RFX6 on glycolysis in HCC cells. Bioinformatics databases were used to validate the above findings.ResultsHCC tissues exhibited elevated expression of RFX6. High RFX6 expression represented as an independent hazard factor correlated to poor prognosis in patients with HCC. RFX6 deficiency inhibited HCC development in vitro and in vivo, while its overexpression exerted opposite functions. Mechanistically, RFX6 bound to the promoter area of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) and upregulated its expression. The increased PGAM1 protein levels enhanced glycolysis and further promoted the development of HCC.ConclusionsRFX6 acted as a novel driver for HCC development by promoting aerobic glycolysis, disclosing the potential of the RFX6-PGAM1 axis for therapeutic targeting. Elevated regulatory factor X6 (RFX6) expression serves as an independent prognostic factor associated with poor outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).RFX6 facilitates the proliferation and motility of HCC cells.By transcriptionally upregulating phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), RFX6 augments glycolysis and thereby accelerates the progression of HCC.image

Automated summary

RFX6 acts as a key regulator in the development of HCC by promoting aerobic glycolysis and accelerating the progression of HCC. Elevated expression of RFX6 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.