Economic recessions and decarbonisation: analysing green stimulus spending in Canada and the US

Existing research has demonstrated that government policies often prioritise growth over climate during economic downturns. Yet government stimulus spending during economic downturns also offers an opportunity for decarbonisation through long-term investments in infrastructure, transportation electrification, building efficiency, and clean energy technologies able to reduce emissions and sustainably shift the economy away from fossil fuels. We study the size and distribution of green stimulus spending in response to two recent economic downturns - the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. Focusing on Canada and the US - two major economies with strong incumbent fossil fuel interests - we explore the determinants of green stimulus spending. Counter to conventional wisdom, our findings provide little evidence to support the notion that institutional permeability to industry lobbying influenced the share of green stimulus spending. Instead, drawing on a novel dataset on green recovery spending and lobbying, we show that the strength of liberal parties in the legislatures shapes the distribution of stimulus funds. Our analysis suggests that liberal parties committed to decarbonisation can leverage economic crises to align economic and climate policy making, even in the face of strong lobbying efforts by the fossil fuel sector.

Automated summary

Existing research suggests that government policies often prioritize economic growth over climate concerns during economic downturns. However, government stimulus spending during these downturns could provide an opportunity for decarbonization through long-term investments in infrastructure and clean energy technologies. This study examines the size and distribution of green stimulus spending in response to the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, and finds that the strength of liberal parties in legislatures plays a crucial role in shaping the distribution of stimulus funds.