Offline preparative separation methods based on electromigration: An overview and current trends

Sample preparation is undoubtedly one of the most essential steps in the analytical process. Generally, it facilitates or even enables subsequent measurement of the analytical signal. Electromigration techniques can be effectively used for the preparation of charged analytes. For these reasons, this review article summarizes the progress in offline electromigration preparative techniques between 2018 and 2023. The introduction includes a brief history of the development of electromigration preparative techniques and general theoretical insights into this area of knowledge. The subsequent text consists of four subchapters devoted one by one to electrophoresis, free-flow electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and isotachophoresis. Every part includes brief theoretical aspects of the specific electromigration technique and a discussion of the trends, developments, problems, and recently published studies providing a solution for diminishing these limitations.

Automated summary

This review article summarizes the progress and recent studies in offline electromigration preparative techniques between 2018 and 2023. It covers various techniques including electrophoresis, free-flow electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and isotachophoresis, providing theoretical aspects, trends, and solutions to existing limitations in each technique.