Journal
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
Volume 401, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.135025
Keywords
H 2 sensing; Sn 2+-deficient; {010}-faceted Sn 3 O 4 nanosheets; DFT calculation; On-line monitoring
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In this study, ultra-large micro-sized Sn3O4 nanosheet hierarchies were prepared and found to possess excellent hydrogen sensing performance and stability. The superior performance of the material was verified through theoretical calculations and practical applications.
Hydrogen (H2) is the cleanest energy but also dangerous, thus the real-time detection of H2 leakage is crucially important. Herein, we develop ultra-large micro-sized Sn3O4 nanosheet hierarchies via a facile hydrothermal method using polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a regulating agent. Structural analyses reveal the as-prepared Sn3O4 nanosheets are single-crystalline with {010}-facet exposure and Sn2+-deficiency. When examined as gas sensing materials, the {010}-faceted Sn2+-deficient Sn3O4 nanosheets demonstrate highly efficient H2 sensing with excellent selectivity/response (two times higher than those for NO2, SO2, H2S, and H2O) and stability upon long-term testing (over 37 days). The sensor displays fast response /recovery times of 9.4/24 s to 10 ppm H2 at a low working temperature of 150 degrees C, and even well responds to 50 ppb H2 with a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) of 0.54 ppb. The excellent H2 sensing performance of the Sn3O4 nanosheets has been verified by the first-principle calculation based on density functional theory (DFT), suggesting that the Sn2+-deficient {010} sur-face of Sn3O4 provides abundant adsorption sites for hydrogen molecules. Moreover, we demonstrate the practical application of Sn3O4 sensor embedded into a miniaturized deployable module, which realizes the real -time on-line H2 monitoring with excellent repeatability and selectivity for long-term operation.
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