Formation of a blue whirl controlled by tangential and radial airflows

Article Thermodynamics

Fire whirls: A Combustion Science Perspective

Kazunori Kuwana et al.

Summary: This article reviews previous studies on the formation mechanism of fire whirls and discusses four factors influencing fire-whirl height.

COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Thermodynamics

Structure and generation mechanism of blue whirls

Shangpeng Li et al.

Summary: Blue whirls are newly discovered blue rotating flames that originated from fire whirls on liquid fuel surfaces. They have a distinct flame structure and are almost soot-free compared to traditional fire whirls. The study of blue whirls is expected to advance clean combustion theory and technology.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2023)

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Article Thermodynamics

Formation and flame characteristics of the blue whirl

Zixian Chen et al.

Summary: This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study on the blue whirl, a newly-discovered fire phenomenon that has attracted attention due to its unique flame structure and potential advantages in fuel-spill cleanup. The study investigates how the blue whirl is generated over a water surface in an apparatus and examines the effects of heat release rate, gap size, and external axial velocity on the circulation and flame width of the blue whirl. The results provide insights into the characteristics and formation of the blue whirl, and can contribute to quantifying and modeling this phenomenon.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2023)

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Article Thermodynamics

Effects of nitrogen dilution on flame characteristics and stability of lifted propane fire whirl

Xuyang Miao et al.

Summary: The effects of nitrogen dilution on flame characteristics and stabilization mechanism were studied in lifted propane fire whirls. Experimental results showed that the initially anchored fire whirl could be lifted after reaching a critical nitrogen volume fraction. Three regimes, including attached flame, lifted flame, and extinction, were identified. The flame liftoff height and diameter increased, while the flame length decreased, with increasing nitrogen fraction.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2023)

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Article Thermodynamics

An experimental study of the blue whirl onset

Yifan Yang et al.

Summary: This paper investigates the formation conditions and onset mechanism of the blue whirl. Experimental studies are conducted using a forced-ventilation fire whirl apparatus. The results show that a stable blue whirl can be formed when the circulation exceeds a threshold value of about 0.07 m2/s. The study also proposes a new swirl number, S P , which accurately predicts the emergence of the recirculation zone and supports the proposed vortex breakdown mechanism for the blue whirl onset.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2023)

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Article Thermodynamics

Numerical description of axisymmetric blue whirls over liquid-fuel pools

J. Carpio et al.

Summary: This numerical investigation focuses on determining the structures of blue whirls through simulations. The computed conditions for the onset of the blue whirl, as well as the computed structure of the whirl itself, closely resemble what was found experimentally. The study provides insights into the mechanism behind the formation of blue whirls.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2021)

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Article Thermodynamics

Lifted flame in fire whirl: An experimental investigation

Jiao Lei et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates how the flame in a fire whirl can be lifted off the burner under specific conditions, and its structure changes with varying heat release rates. It also shows the complex relationship between flame characteristics and imposed circulation in the fire whirl.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels