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The Challenges of Sustainable Forest Operations in Amazonia

CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS (2023)

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Article Forestry

Wood quality of residual branches of Hymenaea courbaril L. from logging in the Amazon rainforest

Leticia da Silva Moreira et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the wood quality of Hymenaea courbaril branches and compared it with trunk wood. The results showed that branch wood had smaller fiber dimensions, higher microfibril angle, and lower parallel compressive strength compared to trunk wood, but the basic density was similar. Branch wood is suitable for the production of high-value products such as furniture, decorative objects, floors, and utensils.

HOLZFORSCHUNG (2023)

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Article Forestry

Discrimination of amazonian forest species by NIR spectroscopy: wood surface effects

Thiago Valente Novaes et al.

Summary: This study evaluates the potential of near infrared (NIR) technology for identifying endangered wood species in the Amazon forests. The results show that unknown wood samples belonging to these species can be correctly preclassified regardless of the tool used for sampling the wood.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS (2023)

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Review Forestry

A Systematic Review of Logging Impacts in the Amazon Biome

Daniel DeArmond et al.

Summary: Logging in the Amazon biome, the largest tropical forest in the world, continues every year, causing significant impacts on the residual forest, wildlife, and streams. This review examines the current state of research on logging impacts in the Amazonia and finds that logging intensity and cycle play crucial roles in determining the extent of damage. Lowering logging intensity and implementing longer logging cycles are suggested for sustainable forest management in the region.

FORESTS (2023)

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Article International Relations

The adoption of earth-observation technologies for deforestation monitoring by Indigenous people: evidence from the Amazon

Nidia Catherine Gonzalez et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the adoption of earth-observation technologies, such as drones, along with indigenous knowledge and alternative understandings of forest politics, can lead to inclusive and beneficial outcomes in conservation practices. The research explores cases of drone adoption by indigenous communities in the Sierra del Divisor National Park and highlights the importance of co-participation and co-design in these technological adoption processes. The study also evaluates the short- and long-term benefits, risks, and threats from indigenous perspectives.

GLOBALIZATIONS (2023)

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Article Forestry

Challenges to smallholder forestry policy reform on a post-industrial logging frontier: lessons from the Amazon estuary

M. Cromberg et al.

Summary: In 2013, policy makers in the Brazilian State of Amapa initiated reforms to simplify smallholder forest management options. This paper evaluates the reform process and examines the opinions of local stakeholders to determine lessons for promoting smallholder forestry. Interviews with timber producers, sawmill operators, and policy makers were conducted in 2014, 2017, and 2021 to assess the impact of the reform. The results show that bureaucratic complications hindered policy simplification and failed to address the needs of smallholders. However, the case provides valuable insights for future policy reform efforts.

INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Classification of Amazonian fast-growing tree species and wood chemical determination by FTIR and multivariate analysis (PLS-DA, PLS)

Rosario Javier-Astete et al.

Summary: This study validated a model for the classification of wood species and a universal model for the rapid determination of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin using FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. The results showed that the full spectra can be used to differentiate different species and identify infrared peaks associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the full spectra helped build a three species universal model for quantifying the principal wood chemical components. Therefore, the study demonstrated that FTIR-ATR, together with chemometrics, is a reliable method for discriminating wood species and determining wood chemical composition.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2023)

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Article Agronomy

Volumetric yield coefficient: the key to regulating virtual credits for Amazon wood

Kauanna Domingues Cabral de Andrade et al.

Summary: In Brazil, the transport and storage of native forest products and by-products must be registered in the DOF system. However, loopholes in the system allow illegal wood to be disguised as legal wood, leading to limited success in achieving the system's objectives.

ACTA AMAZONICA (2023)

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Article Forestry

Impacts to soil properties still evident 27 years after abandonment in Amazonian log landings

Daniel DeArmond et al.

Summary: Logging machinery affects site soil mainly by removing topsoil and compacting the soil. Log landings, where trees are stacked and loaded, experience severe compaction and topsoil removal. A long-term study in Amazonia found that soil compaction persisted for at least 27 years in log landings located on clayey soils.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Forestry

Financial assessment of community forest management: lessons from a cross-sectional study of timber management systems in the Brazilian Amazon

G. Medina et al.

Summary: The study found that only three out of twelve CFM systems in the Brazilian Amazon were financially viable, with the majority requiring large-scale operations to be successful. The current legal regulations and technical principles of CFM do not align with the capacities and realities of local forest users in the region, highlighting the need to better adapt this approach to the interests and capacities of local resource users.

INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Carbon payments can cost-effectively improve logging sustainability in the Amazon

Christopher G. Bousfield et al.

Summary: Selective logging is widespread in tropical regions, causing depletion of forest biodiversity and carbon stocks. Carbon payments can protect forests from degradation, but their feasibility in the Amazon is uncertain. A study finds that a relatively low carbon price can effectively safeguard large tracts of the Amazon rainforest and provide cost-effective opportunities for protection.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Global Mangrove Extent Change 1996-2020: Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0

Pete Bunting et al.

Summary: Mangroves are a globally important ecosystem that have significantly reduced in extent over the last 50 years due to deforestation caused by agricultural and aquaculture expansion. This study used SAR imagery to develop a long-term time-series of global mangrove extent and found a 3.4% loss in mangrove cover over 24 years.

REMOTE SENSING (2022)

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Article Environmental Studies

Effects of sustainable forest management on tree diversity, timber volumes, and carbon stocks in an ecotone forest in the northern Brazilian Amazon

Tiago Monteiro Conde et al.

Summary: This case study conducted in the ecotone forest in the northern Brazilian Amazon demonstrates that sustainable forest management can reduce forest degradation and soil erosion, making it an efficient model for land use in the Amazon. The study evaluated the effects of sustainable forest management on tree diversity, timber volumes, and carbon stocks.

LAND USE POLICY (2022)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Efficiency of near-infrared spectroscopy in classifying Amazonian wood wastes for bioenergy generation

Michael Douglas Roque Lima et al.

Summary: This study proposes a method to classify logging wastes of 12 Amazon hardwoods based on near-infrared spectroscopy. The results show that near-infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistics is a reliable and fast tool for wood classification. The method achieved high accuracy in distinguishing different wood classes based on basic density and moisture content.

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY (2022)

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Article Forestry

Logging intensity affects growth and lifespan trajectories for pioneer species in Central Amazonia

Daniel DeArmond et al.

Summary: Management of tropical forests through timber harvesting is a viable alternative to deforestation in the Amazon. However, the maintenance or establishment of commercial timber species is a significant challenge due to competition from fast-growing non-commercial pioneer species. A study in the Brazilian Amazon evaluated the growth and survival rates of six pioneer species over 30 years, and found that the pioneer species outcompeted commercial species throughout the evaluation period, regardless of logging intensity. Two commercial pioneer species showed rapid growth rates similar to non-commercial pioneer species, and three pioneer species were able to survive beyond 30 years. This poses challenges for sustainable forest management in maintaining or establishing commercial timber species while dealing with expanding non-commercial pioneer species after logging.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Wood from Forest Residues: Technological Properties and Potential Uses of Branches of Three Species from Brazilian Amazon

Leticia da Silva Moreira et al.

Summary: This study compared the physical and mechanical characteristics of branch wood of three tree species with their respective stems. The study found no significant differences in basic density between branch and stem wood, but branch wood had lower coefficient of anisotropy compared to stem wood. D.odorata showed similar mechanical properties between branch and stem wood, while H. petraeum and H. courbaril branch wood had lower strengths compared to stem wood.

SUSTAINABILITY (2022)

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Article Ecology

Brazilian Mangroves: Blue Carbon Hotspots of National and Global Relevance to Natural Climate Solutions

Andre S. Rovai et al.

Summary: Mangroves in Brazil hold 8.5% of global mangrove carbon stocks and store up to 4.3 times more carbon in soil than other vegetated biomes. The organic carbon sequestration rates in Brazilian mangroves are 15-30% higher than global estimates. This research identifies Brazilian mangroves as a major global blue carbon hotspot and emphasizes their importance in carbon sequestration.

FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Land-sharing logging is more profitable than land sparing in the Brazilian Amazon

Christopher G. Bousfield et al.

Summary: Selective logging is a key driver of forest degradation in the tropics, and two competing harvest management strategies have been proposed: land sharing and land sparing logging. Research suggests that land sparing logging is more optimal for biodiversity and carbon, but in the Brazilian Amazon, land sharing logging is significantly more profitable than land sparing logging under secure land tenure.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2021)

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Article Forestry

Logging Amazon forest increased the severity and spread of fires during the 2015-2016 El Nino

Paulo Eduardo Barni et al.

Summary: Forest fires in the Amazon have been exacerbated by logging, deforestation, and prolonged droughts. A study in southern Roraima, Brazil, found that fires impacted previously unaffected areas, with severity and spread influenced by selective logging. Logging not only increased fire severity but also led to significant biomass loss, indicating the need for reevaluation of forest management practices in the region.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Forestry

Impacts of selective logging on Amazon forest canopy structure and biomass with a LiDAR and photogrammetric survey sequence

Marcus Vinicio Neves d'Oliveira et al.

Summary: The study combines airborne LiDAR and UAV photogrammetry to explore the application in sustainable forest management in remote regions of developing countries. The results demonstrate that using RGB-photogrammetry can effectively identify selective logging and monitor its impact.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Forestry

Removal of Woody Debris from Logging Gaps Influences Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in the Short Term: A Study Case in Central Amazonia

Alex de Sousa Trindade et al.

Summary: The study investigated the influence of coarse woody debris removal for energy generation on soil nutrients in a logging area in the Amazonas state, Brazil. It was found that debris removal does not significantly change soil physical properties but accelerates the leaching of nutrients to deeper soil depths, resulting in higher calcium contents but lower soil phosphorus levels.

FOREST SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Colorimetry as a criterion for segregation of logging wastes from sustainable forest management in the Brazilian Amazon for bioenergy

Michael Douglas Roque Lima et al.

Summary: This study examines the potential of colorimetry in segregating logging wastes for bioenergy in the Brazilian Amazon region. Different wood species show variations in physical, chemical, energy, and colorimetric properties, with Manilkara elata and Dinizia excelsa identified as the most promising wood group. Colorimetry is proven to have high potential in segregating logging wastes for the production of chips and charcoal.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Forest biomass as a viable pathway for sustainable energy supply in isolated villages of Amazonia

Pedro Christo Brandao et al.

Summary: The study suggests that biomass residues can be a viable option for electricity generation in isolated villages, with gasification and Rankine cycle systems showing cost advantages and meeting the energy demand effectively.

ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT (2021)

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Article Ecology

Macroecological patterns of forest structure and allometric scaling in mangrove forests

Andre S. Rovai et al.

Summary: Mangrove wetlands have diverse tree communities spanning broad geographical gradients. The study found that factors such as latitudinal variation, allometric scaling relationships, and species composition do not significantly impact mangrove forest structure and biomass allocation. Regional climate and hydroperiod play a greater role in controlling biomass accumulation across global geographical gradients.

GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY (2021)

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Article Forestry

Investigating waste generated from logging in the Amazon for energy use

Weslley Wilker Correa Morais et al.

Summary: The study assessed the physical, chemical, and energetic characteristics of Amazonian wood waste, revealing superior properties for energy production compared to Eucalyptus grandis. Species with low pH such as Qualea paraenses, Cedrela sp., Dinizia exceisa, Ocotea cinerea and Buchenavia grandis need further investigation for energy purposes, with pre-treatments recommended to enhance energy performance.

SCIENTIA FORESTALIS (2021)

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Article Forestry

Technical and financial evaluation of enrichment planting in logging gaps with the high-value species Swietenia macrophylla and Handroanthus serratifolius in the Eastern Amazon

Rodrigo Costa Pinto et al.

Summary: Enrichment planting in logging gaps is essential for long-term wood production in tropical forests. This study evaluated the technical and financial aspects of planting Swietenia macrophylla and Handroanthus serratifolius in logging gaps, showing positive growth and economic benefits over time. Based on the results, a model for production and conservation of these species through enrichment planting was established.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Forestry

Global review on forest road optimization planning: Support for sustainable forest management in Amazonia

Veronica Satomi Kazama et al.

Summary: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of global literature on forest road planning optimization in the last decade to support future planning activities in Amazon rainforest. The study found that slope was the most studied spatial variable, Analytical Hierarchy Process was the most studied spatial decision analysis method, and Dijkstra's algorithm was the most commonly used method for optimizing forest road design.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Forestry

The continuous timber production over cutting cycles in the Brazilian Amazon depends on volumes of species not harvested in previous cuts

Tatiana da Cunha Castro et al.

Summary: The study found that heavily logged Amazonian dense forests did not fully recover the volume extracted after 32 years of growth. Canopy openings caused by logging and silvicultural treatments increased sunlight in the forest, promoting the growth of light-demanding species.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Forestry

Sustainability of Brazilian forest concessions

Plinio Sist et al.

Summary: This study assessed the sustainability of timber production in the Amazon under the current concession system, finding that the present regulations are insufficient to meet demand. It suggests substantial reforms in natural forest management practices and the wood industry, as well as promoting alternative sources of timber such as plantations linked with forest restoration initiatives.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Forestry

Environmental Thermal Conditions Related to Performance, Dynamics and Safety of Logging in the Brazilian Amazon

Kaue Augusto Oliveira-Nascimento et al.

Summary: The Amazon rainforest covers a vast area of Brazil, with logging operations facing challenges due to factors such as high temperatures and physical discomfort. This study aimed to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on worker performance and safety. Findings showed that mechanical availability and environmental conditions significantly influenced productivity and rest breaks, with safety and physical comfort also playing a role in work dynamics.

CROATIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Life in the treetops-An overview of forest canopy science and its future directions

Margaret Lowman

Summary: Forests are critical for human health and the health of the planet, but are facing global threats from human activities. Research on forest canopies is providing important information about the ecosystem services provided by trees, although this research is relatively new and underfunded. Exploring forest canopies can inspire innovative conservation actions, especially in tropical forests where conservation efforts are needed.

PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET (2021)

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Article Forestry

REDUCED-IMPACT LOGGING BY ALLOCATING LOG-DECKS USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM IN WESTERN AMAZON

Marcos Antonio Isaac Junior et al.

Summary: This study compared alternatives for road sizing and log deck allocation in the Amazon rainforest, finding that the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) showed greater efficiency in terms of processing time, reducing the number of log decks and road sizing in both areas. The MOEA also supports decision-making by presenting alternatives based on Pareto-optimal solutions.

REVISTA ARVORE (2021)

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Article Forestry

An Assessment of Soil Compaction after Logging Operations in Central Amazonia

Daniel DeArmond et al.

FOREST SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Global declines in human-driven mangrove loss

Liza Goldberg et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2020)

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Coastal carbon cycle changes following mangrove loss

James Z. Sippo et al.

LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Logging residues for charcoal production through forest management in the Brazilian Amazon: economic gains and forest regrowth effects

Camila T. D. Numazawa et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2020)

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How long does the Amazon rainforest take to grow commercially sized trees? An estimation methodology for Manilkara elata (Allemao ex Miq.) Monach

Thamires Mendes Coelho Ferreira et al.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2020)

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Optimized forest planning: allocation of log storage yards in the Amazonian sustainable forest management area

Evandro Ferreira da Silva et al.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2020)

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Metaheuristics applied for storage yards allocation in an Amazonian sustainable forest management area

Marcelo Otone Aguiar et al.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2020)

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Stem Decay in Live Trees: Heartwood Hollows and Termites in Five Timber Species in Eastern Amazonia

Ana Alice Eleuterio et al.

FORESTS (2020)

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Wood-Logging Process Management in Eastern Amazonia (Brazil)

Killian S. Lima et al.

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Impact of forest concessions on local jobs in central amazon

Jime Rodrigues Ribeiro et al.

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Evaluation of the forestry administrative system that regulates the activity of extracting wood from the Northern Ecuadorian amazon

Jaime S. Alarcon-Aguirre et al.

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Charcoal of logging wastes from sustainable forest management for industrial and domestic uses in the Brazilian Amazonia

Michael Douglas Roque Lima et al.

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY (2020)

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Optimization of Skid Trails and Log Yards on the Amazon Forest

Agust Sales et al.

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Dynamics of Tropical Forest Twenty-Five Years after Experimental Logging in Central Amazon Mature Forest

Marcio R. M. Amaral et al.

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Long-term effect of selective logging on floristic composition: A 25 year experiment in the Brazilian Amazon

Tatiana Dias Gaui et al.

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Integrated models show a transient opportunity for sustainable management by tropical forest dwellers

Lucas Berio Fortini

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Impacts of soil compaction persist 30 years after logging operations in the Amazon Basin

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Martin Worbes et al.

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Illegal Selective Logging and Forest Fires in the Northern Brazilian Amazon

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Trade-offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity

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Optimal selective logging regime and log landing location models: a case study in the Amazon forest

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Fake legal logging in the Brazilian Amazon

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Illegal logging as a disincentive to the establishment of a sustainable forest sector in the Amazon

Leticia Santos de Lima et al.

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The confounding effects of logging on tree seedling growth and herbivory in Central Amazon

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Growth models based on tree-ring data for the Neotropical tree species Calophyllum brasiliense across different Brazilian wetlands: implications for conservation and management

Sejana Artiaga Rosa et al.

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Enrichment planting in logging gaps with Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby: A financially profitable alternative for degraded tropical forests in the Amazon

Gustavo Schwartz et al.

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Quantifying uncertainty about forest recovery 32-years after selective logging in Suriname

Anand Roopsind et al.

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Scaling mangrove aboveground biomass from site-level to continental-scale

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On the impact of the Brazilian Forest Code on mangroves: A comment to Ferreira and Lacerda (2016)

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Modeling the Complex Impacts of Timber Harvests to Find Optimal Management Regimes for Amazon Tidal Floodplain Forests

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A classification of the major habitats of Amazonian black-water river floodplains and a comparison with their white-water counterparts

Wolfgang J. Junk et al.

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Wood growth of Tabebuia barbata (E. Mey.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) and Vatairea guianensis Aubl. (Fabaceae) in Central Amazonian black-water (igapA3) and white-water (varzea) floodplain forests

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Growth-Oriented Logging (GOL):: A new concept towards sustainable forest management in Central Amazonian varzea floodplains

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Mangrove vegetation in Amazonia: a review of studies from the coast of Pará and Maranhão States, north Brazil

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Sustainability of reduced-impact logging in the Eastern Amazon

Plinio Sist et al.

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Local vulnerability as an advantage: mangrove forest management in Para state, north Brazil, under conditions of illegality

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Forest canopy damage and recovery in reduced-impact and conventional selective logging in eastern Para, Brazil

R Pereira et al.

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Financial and ecological indicators of reduced impact logging performance in the eastern Amazon

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Degradation of forests through logging and fire in the eastern Brazilian Amazon

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