Viral Biology and Immune Privilege in the Development of Extrahepatic Manifestations During Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Article Virology

Evidence of a Link between Hepatitis E Virus Exposure and Glomerulonephritis Development

Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar et al.

Summary: Viruses, including Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis B viruses, can trigger the development of glomerulonephritis (GN). However, the correlation between GN and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is still uncertain.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2023)

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Review Microbiology

Animal Models for Studying Congenital Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus

Kush Kumar Yadav et al.

Summary: One of the most intriguing issues in the HEV field is the increase in mortality rates during pregnancy. HEV has been difficult to study due to the lack of efficient models in the laboratory. Animal models have provided valuable insights, but limitations exist in studying human HEV infections. Understanding the interplay between HEV and pregnancy requires a combination of in vitro and in vivo systems. This review discusses the current HEV animal models and their strengths and weaknesses in studying pregnancy-associated mortality.

MICROORGANISMS (2023)

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Letter Immunology

Enhanced monitoring and detection of recent genotype 3 hepatitis E virus infection through urine antigen testing

Yannick Stahl et al.

Summary: Urine-based antigen testing appears to be superior to measuring antibodies or viral RNA for diagnosing and monitoring HEV infection.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2023)

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Article Microbiology

Lack of Evidence for an Association between Previous HEV Genotype-3 Exposure and Glomerulonephritis in General

Sven Pischke et al.

Summary: This study examines the relationship between HEV infection and glomerulonephritis. The findings indicate that 22% of glomerulonephritis patients tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, and that positive patients tend to have slightly decreased kidney function and higher bilirubin levels. Furthermore, all patients with MPGN subtype tested positive for anti-HEV IgG. These findings suggest that previous HEV exposure is not generally associated with glomerulonephritis, but may be associated with MPGN. Further studies are needed to investigate this association and determine whether it is HEV-related or age-related.

PATHOGENS (2022)

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Article Virology

Placenta as a site of HEV replication and inflammatory cytokines modulating the immunopathogenesis of HEV in pregnant women

Radha Kanta Ratho et al.

Summary: Viral hepatitis E is a serious condition during pregnancy, with a high mortality rate. It is hypothesized that the virus can cross the placenta and replicate in placental tissues, and cytokines may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of the infection.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease

Tyler M. Cook et al.

Summary: The composition and signaling of gut bacteria significantly impact the regulation of peripheral neurons, which is associated with diseases like obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Understanding how gut microbes alter host development and physiology through peripheral nervous system signaling is crucial for finding effective therapies for chronic diseases.

GUT MICROBES (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E in immunocompromised individuals

Konstantinos Damiris et al.

Summary: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of viral hepatitis, especially in developing countries. There are four main genotypes that infect humans, with HEV1 and HEV2 being more common in developing countries through contaminated water, and HEV3 and HEV4 being more common in animals and occasionally transmitted to humans through fecal contamination or undercooked meat. HEV infection is usually self-limited, but it can be life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients. Treatment options include reducing immunosuppressive therapies and antiviral medications like ribavirin and pegylated interferon alpha.

WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Testicular Immunity and Its Connection with the Microbiota. Physiological and Clinical Implications in the Light of Personalized Medicine

Luigi Santacroce et al.

Summary: Reproduction is a complex process that involves the cooperation between the endocrine-immune system and the microbiota. Testicular immunity has a mechanism called immune privilege to protect spermatozoa from autoimmune attacks. The testicular microbiota is connected to the gut microbiota and both play a role in immune system development and protection against pathogens. Imbalance of microbiota can lead to male infertility, but therapeutic interventions with natural products can help restore male reproductive potential.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Hepatitis E virus infects brain microvascular endothelial cells, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and invades the central nervous system

Debin Tian et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cross the blood-brain barrier and both quasi-enveloped and nonenveloped HEVs have similar abilities in this process. Additionally, human brain microvascular endothelial cells are susceptible to HEV infection, and similar results were observed in pigs.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E: Genotypes, strategies to prevent and manage, and the existing knowledge gaps

Lubna Kamani et al.

Summary: HEV is considered an emerging source of viral hepatitis worldwide, with many unanswered questions about its characteristics and pathogenesis. Current knowledge about HEV and existing prevention tools still have room for improvement. More research is needed to address gaps in understanding about diagnostic tools, vaccines, and the manifestation of the virus in specific populations like pregnant women and immunocompromised patients.

JGH OPEN (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Altered gut microbiome accompanying with placenta barrier dysfunction programs pregnant complications in mice caused by graphene oxide

Xiaojing Liu et al.

Summary: The study reveals that oral exposure to graphene oxide during gestational period in mice can lead to dose-dependent complications including decreased weight of dam and live fetus, high rate of resorbed embryos and dead fetus, and delayed skeletal development. Additionally, exposure to graphene oxide can result in impaired placenta barrier and dysbiosis of gut microbiome, affecting reproductive outcomes in pregnant mammals. The findings provide valuable evidence to evaluate the reproductive risks of graphene oxide in mammals.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus persists in the ejaculate of chronically infected men

Thomas Horvatits et al.

Summary: The study found HEV-RNA in the seminal plasma and semen of chronically infected patients, with viral loads >2 logs higher than in the serum, indicating the male reproductive system as a niche of HEV persistence in chronic infection. Additionally, HEV particles in the ejaculate did not morphologically differ from serum-derived particles, suggesting a potential route for HEV transmission.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical Outcomes and Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Among Non-A-C Hepatitis Patients in Egypt

Ibrahim M. Sayed et al.

Summary: The study revealed the prevalence of acute HEV infection in Upper Egypt, with older patients with malignancy and/or a history of liver diseases being more susceptible to the infection and complications. Furthermore, the importance of HEV diagnosis and treatment in Egyptian hospitals was emphasized to reduce fatality rates.

INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Lower Levels of Transaminases but Higher Levels of Serum Creatinine in Patients with Acute Hepatitis E in Comparison to Patients with Hepatitis A

Thomas Theo Brehm et al.

Summary: The study revealed that patients with acute hepatitis E have poorer renal function compared to those with acute hepatitis A, while liver inflammation seems to be more severe in acute hepatitis A.

PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Virology

No evidence of HEV genotype 1 infections harming the male reproductive system

Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar et al.

Summary: This study found no significant association between HEV infection and the male reproductive system, with HEV detectable in urine but not in semen. AHE patients did not show notable abnormalities in semen analysis, and there was no significant difference in reproductive hormone levels and semen quality between AHE patients and healthy controls.

VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Characterization of a Cell Culture System of Persistent Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Human HepaRG Hepatic Cell Line

Marie Pellerin et al.

Summary: A model of persistent HEV infection in human hepatocytes was developed, allowing efficient replication of HEV to be studied. This cell culture system provides a relevant and efficient in vitro model for studying HEV biology and identifying effective antiviral drugs against chronic infection.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Neurological Manifestations and Pathophysiology

Sebastien Lhomme et al.

Summary: HEV is the primary cause of viral hepatitis worldwide, with different genotypes prevalent in different countries. In addition to liver symptoms, an HEV infection can also lead to neurological disorders, with the pathophysiology not yet fully understood.

PATHOGENS (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E: An update on One Health and clinical medicine

Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan et al.

Summary: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis, with a global burden that is often underestimated. The virus is clinically relevant not only in developing countries, but also in industrialized nations. HEV is transmitted through various routes, including waterborne outbreaks in developing countries and zoonotic food-borne infections in developed countries. Infection can have serious consequences for pregnant women, organ transplant recipients, and immunosuppressed patients.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Neurological manifestations of hepatitis E virus infection: An overview

Ashish Kumar Jha et al.

Summary: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can lead to neurological disorders in patients, with nerve root and plexus disorders being the most commonly reported condition, followed by meningoencephalitis. Data on HEV-related neurological manifestations are limited and mostly described through case reports and series.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Hepatitis E virus egress and beyond - the manifold roles of the viral ORF3 protein

Mirco Glitscher et al.

Summary: The life cycle of hepatitis E virus is poorly understood. The accessory protein pORF3 plays a critical role in viral release and modulating cellular processes beyond just maintaining viral release. Further investigation of pORF3-related processes may lead to novel clinical strategies.

CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Extrahepatic manifestations related to hepatitis E virus infection and their triggering mechanisms

Jian Wu et al.

Summary: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has various extrahepatic manifestations affecting multiple organ systems, indicating it should be considered as a systemic disease. Different genotypes of HEV can induce different extrahepatic manifestations, and the severity of these diseases does not necessarily correlate with the severity of HEV infection. Antiviral therapy may alleviate or improve the extrahepatic manifestations related to HEV infection.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Microbiota and viral hepatitis: State of the art of a complex matter

Ivana Milosevic et al.

Summary: Changes in gut microbiota can impact both the gut and liver, which are closely linked through the gut-liver axis. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the onset and clinical course of liver diseases, particularly viral hepatitis, and its components such as metabolites and cellular elements affect liver function. The interaction between gut microbiota and the liver is crucial for understanding the etiology and therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14 Alleviates Liver Injury

Longxian Lv et al.

Summary: The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14 showed protective effects on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats, alleviating serum markers, histological damage, and inflammatory cytokine levels. It modulated gut microbiota, metabolism, and hepatic gene expression. Moreover, confirmation of its ability to alleviate liver injury in acetaminophen-induced mouse model suggests a potential application in liver injury prevention.

MSYSTEMS (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Hepatitis E Virus Infection-Immune Responses to an Underestimated Global Threat

Paul Kupke et al.

Summary: Hepatitis E virus infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis development, especially in immunocompromised patients. Current treatment options for HEV are limited, and research on the immune mechanisms involved in HEV infection is still lacking.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Hepatitis E Virus Persistence and/or Replication in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Acute HEV-Infected Patients

Ibrahim M. Sayed et al.

Summary: This study found evidence of HEV persistence and replication in the PBMCs of AHE patients, with upregulation of inflammatory gene expression and increased plasma cytokines levels compared to healthy individuals. The replication of HEV in PBMCs was associated with an enhanced immune response, potentially impacting the pathogenesis of HEV.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

No link between male infertility and HEV genotype 3 infection

Thomas Horvatits et al.

GUT (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus replication in human intestinal cells

Olivier Marion et al.

GUT (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut dysbiosis induces the development of pre-eclampsia through bacterial translocation

Xia Chen et al.

GUT (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Human microbiome is a diagnostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma

Ben-Chen Rao et al.

Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International (2020)

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Article Virology

Hepatitis E viral infection causes testicular damage in mice

Jianwen Situ et al.

VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Virology

Multivesicular body sorting and the exosomal pathway are required for the release of rat hepatitis E virus from infected cells

Putu Prathiwi Primadharsini et al.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Neurologic complications of acute hepatitis E virus infection

Paolo Ripellino et al.

NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Mortality and morbidity of locally acquired hepatitis E in the national Scottish cohort: a multicentre retrospective study

Sebastian J. Wallace et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Replication of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Primary Human-Derived Monocytes and Macrophages In Vitro

Ibrahim M. Sayed et al.

VACCINES (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Evidence of the Extrahepatic Replication of Hepatitis E Virus in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells

Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar et al.

PATHOGENS (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiome and Gut Barrier to Hepatic Disorders

Daniel M. Chopyk et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Altered faecal microbiota on the expression of Th cells responses in the exacerbation of patients with hepatitis E infection

Jian Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS (2020)

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Review Virology

Hepatitis E virus infection during pregnancy

Chunchen Wu et al.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2020)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Burden of hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy and maternofoetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jean Joel Bigna et al.

BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH (2020)

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Article Immunology

Hepatitis E Virus Mediates Renal Injury via the Interaction between the Immune Cells and Renal Epithelium

Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar et al.

VACCINES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Th1/Th2 Cells and Associated Cytokines in Acute Hepatitis E and Related Acute Liver Failure

Jian Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E virus: An overview

Fotios S. Fousekis et al.

CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Hepatitis E virus and blood transfusion safety

Hao Bi et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Acute and Persistent Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and 4 Infection: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Nassim Kamar et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Hepatitis E Virus Genome Structure and Replication Strategy

Scott P. Kenney et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Immunology

Brain Infection by Hepatitis E Virus Probably via Damage of the Blood-Brain Barrier Due to Alterations of Tight Junction Proteins

Jijing Tian et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Virology

In vivo models for studying Hepatitis E virus infection; Updates and applications

Ibrahim M. Sayed et al.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2019)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Hepatitis E: an underestimated emerging threat

Glynn W. Webb et al.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in Switzerland

Montserrat Fraga et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E Virus Lifecycle and Identification of 3 Forms of the ORF2 Capsid Protein

Claire Montpellier et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2018)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Acute hepatitis E in French patients and neurological manifestations

Florence Abrayanel et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus-associated cryoglobulinemia in solid-organ-transplant recipients

Olivier Marion et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Acute Pancreatitis in acute viral hepatitis

S K.C. et al.

Journal of Nepal Medical Association (2018)

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Review Immunology

Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease

Joseph M. Pickard et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus-induced primary cutaneous CD30(+) T cell lymphoproliferative disorder

Vincent Mallet et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus: Infection beyond the liver?

Sven Pischke et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus infection and acute non-traumatic neurological injury: A prospective multicentre study

Harry R. Dalton et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Review Virology

Hepatitis E and pregnancy: current state

Maria Teresa Perez-Gracia et al.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Diagnostic Challenges and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis E Virus-Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Olivier Stevens et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Characterization of the lipid envelope of exosome encapsulated HEV particles protected from the immune response

Sabine Chapuy-Regaud et al.

BIOCHIMIE (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

HEPATITIS E-INDUCED SEVERE MYOSITIS

Annerose M. Mengel et al.

MUSCLE & NERVE (2016)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Hepatitis E Virus-Induced Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis in a Nonimmunocompromised Person

Damien Guinault et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Characterization of the Specificity, Functionality, and Durability of Host T-Cell Responses Against the Full-Length Hepatitis E Virus

Anthony Brown et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Extra-hepatic replication and infection of hepatitis E virus in neuronal-derived cells

S. A. Drave et al.

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Guillain-Barr, and Miller Fisher syndromes in patients with anti-hepatitis E virus antibody: a hospital-based survey in Japan

Jiro Fukae et al.

NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Virology

Enhanced Replication of Hepatitis E Virus Strain 47832c in an A549-Derived Subclonal Cell Line

Mathias Schemmerer et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Impaired Monocyte-Macrophage Functions and Defective Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Hepatitis E Virus-Infected Pregnant Women With Acute Liver Failure

Rashi Sehgal et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2015)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Frequency and prognosis of acute pancreatitis associated with acute hepatitis E: A systematic review

Samir Haffar et al.

PANCREATOLOGY (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics of 20 Patients with Autochthonous Acute Hepatitis E in Hokkaido, Japan: First Report of Bilateral Facial Palsy Following the Infection with Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus

Yasuyuki Yazaki et al.

TOHOKU JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Immunology

Successful treatment of hepatitis E virus-associated cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with ribavirin

A. Del Bello et al.

TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2015)

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Article Immunology

Neurologic Disorders in Immunocompetent Patients with Autochthonous Acute Hepatitis E

H. Blasco Perrin et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Extra-hepatic manifestations of autochthonous hepatitis E infection

K. L. Woolson et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2014)

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Review Virology

Association between hepatitis E and neurological studies and literature review

A. Deroux et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2014)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Evidence of extrahepatic replication of hepatitis E virus in human placenta

Purabi Deka Bose et al.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY (2014)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Hepatitis E virus egress depends on the exosomal pathway, with secretory exosomes derived from multivesicular bodies

Shigeo Nagashima et al.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY (2014)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

HEV-associated cryoglobulinaemia and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E

Sven Pischke et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2014)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with preceding hepatitis E virus infection

Bianca van den Berg et al.

NEUROLOGY (2014)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Hepatitis E presenting with thrombocytopaenia

Irfan Masood et al.

TROPICAL DOCTOR (2014)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Severe hyperbilirubinemia and acute renal failure associated with hepatitis E in a patient whose glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels were normal

Sanjay Vikrant et al.

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology (2013)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Immunologic privilege in the central nervous system and the blood-brain barrier

Leslie L. Muldoon et al.

JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM (2013)

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Article Immunology

Hepatitis E virus infection as a new probable cause of de novo membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation

B. Taton et al.

TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2013)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Peripheral T regulatory cells and cytokines in hepatitis E infection

A. S. Tripathy et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2012)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific T-cell responses are associated with control of HEV infection

Pothakamuri Venkata Suneetha et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2012)

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Article Pathology

Histological and immunohistochemical features in fatal acute fulminant hepatitis E

Vinita Agrawal et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY (2012)

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Article Immunology

Hepatitis E Virus and the Kidney in Solid-Organ Transplant Patients

Nassim Kamar et al.

TRANSPLANTATION (2012)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Association of Bell's Palsy with Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A Rare Entity

Ashish K. Jha et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY (2012)

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Article Immunology

Gene Expression Profiles of T Cells from Hepatitis E Virus Infected Patients in Acute and Resolving Phase

Nirupma TrehanPati et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Study of cellular immune response against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

S. B. Prabhu et al.

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS (2011)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effector T cells immune reactivity among patients with acute hepatitis E

M. M. Husain et al.

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS (2011)

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Article Immunology

Hepatitis E Virus and Neurologic Disorders

Nassim Kamar et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2011)

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Letter Virology

Severe thrombocytopenia associated with acute autochthonous hepatitis E

E. Fourquet et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2010)

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Letter Emergency Medicine

HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA TRIGGERED BY ACUTE HEPATITIS E VIRUS INFECTION

Rajoo Thapa et al.

JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2010)

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Letter Oncology

Childhood Hepatitis E Infection Complicated by Acute Immune Thrombocytopenia

Rajoo Thapa et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY (2009)

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Article Microbiology

Severe thrombocytopenia associated with acute hepatitis E virus infection

P. Colson et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2008)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Alterations in natural killer cells and natural killer T cells during acute viral hepatitis E

R. Srivastava et al.

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS (2008)

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Letter Hematology

Acute immune thrombocytopenia associated with Hepatitis E in an adult

Nishith Kumar Singh et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2007)

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Article Pathology

Liver histology in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E: a study of 11 patients from South-West France

Jean-Marie Peron et al.

VIRCHOWS ARCHIV (2007)

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Article Immunology

Cellular immune responses in acute hepatitis E virus infection to the viral open reading frame 2 protein

Ruchi Srivastava et al.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2007)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Acute hepatitis and renal function impairment related to infection by hepatitis E virus in a renal allograft recipient

N Kamar et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2005)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Fulminant hepatic failure in a patient with inactive HBsAg carrier state, acute hepatitis E and thyrotoxicosis

AY Hui et al.

HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH (2003)

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Article Microbiology

Evidence of extrahepatic sites of replication of the hepatitis E virus in a swine model

TPE Williams et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2001)

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Viral Biology and Immune Privilege in the Development of Extrahepatic Manifestations During Hepatitis E Virus Infection

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