Journal
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 140-165Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2015MS000574
Keywords
rainfall intensity; extreme precipitation; superparameterization; Community Atmosphere Model; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission; Global Precipitation Climatology Project
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Funding
- NSF [AGS-1349579, AGS-1419518, ATM-0425247]
- DOE [DE-SC0012152, DE-SC0012548]
- Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program [SC0006722]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1419507] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1349579] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This study evaluates several important statistics of daily rainfall based on frequency and amount distributions as simulated by a global climate model whose precipitation does not depend on convective parameterizationSuper-Parameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SPCAM). Three superparameterized and conventional versions of CAM, coupled within the Community Earth System Model (CESM1 and CCSM4), are compared against two modern rainfall products (GPCP 1DD and TRMM 3B42) to discriminate robust effects of superparameterization that emerge across multiple versions. The geographic pattern of annual-mean rainfall is mostly insensitive to superparameterization, with only slight improvements in the double-ITCZ bias. However, unfolding intensity distributions reveal several improvements in the character of rainfall simulated by SPCAM. The rainfall rate that delivers the most accumulated rain (i.e., amount mode) is systematically too weak in all versions of CAM relative to TRMM 3B42 and does not improve with horizontal resolution. It is improved by superparameterization though, with higher modes in regions of tropical wave, Madden-Julian Oscillation, and monsoon activity. Superparameterization produces better representations of extreme rates compared to TRMM 3B42, without sensitivity to horizontal resolution seen in CAM. SPCAM produces more dry days over land and fewer over the ocean. Updates to CAM's low cloud parameterizations have narrowed the frequency peak of light rain, converging toward SPCAM. Poleward of 50 degrees, where more rainfall is produced by resolved-scale processes in CAM, few differences discriminate the rainfall properties of the two models. These results are discussed in light of their implication for future rainfall changes in response to climate forcing.
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