Association between periodontitis and breast cancer: two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Article Immunology

No Genetic Causal Association Between Periodontitis and Arthritis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Kang-Jia Yin et al.

Summary: This study using Mendelian randomization analysis found no causal association between periodontitis and arthritis, despite previous observational studies reporting a link between the two.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral and orodigestive squamous cell carcinoma

Richard J. Lamont et al.

Summary: Oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have a distinct microbiome composition compared to precancerous and healthy tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, is associated with the cancerous state and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that P. gingivalis may promote tumor development through various mechanisms. The microbial community context also plays a role in oncogenicity, with some bacteria having protumorigenic or antagonistic effects. Metatranscriptomic data suggests that functional properties of tumor-associated communities are more relevant to cancer development than compositional properties. The consistent association of P. gingivalis with oral and orodigestive carcinoma could have diagnostic potential for early detection.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Interconnection of periodontal disease and comorbidities: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications

George Hajishengallis

Summary: Periodontitis is linked with various other diseases, potentially with a causal relationship. Interventional studies and preclinical models support the connection between periodontitis and comorbidities, providing mechanistic insights. Advances in understanding the periodontitis-systemic disease connection may lead to innovative therapeutic options for reducing the risk of periodontitis-linked comorbidities.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer

Tamar Alon-Maimon et al.

Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that the oral pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum plays a crucial role in the progression of various tumor types by enhancing tumor proliferation, creating a tumor-promoting immune environment, inducing chemoresistance, and activating immune checkpoints. This review focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor-specific colonization and promotion by fusobacteria, which could lead to the development of novel approaches for tumor detection and treatment.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Mendelian Randomization: Concepts and Scope

Rebecca C. Richmond et al.

Summary: Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method for studying the causal effects of modifiable exposures on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic variants. By using randomly inherited genetic variants as a tool, MR provides a more accurate estimation of the relationship between risk factors and outcomes, reducing confounding and bias. As genetic data and resources become more abundant and accessible, the scope of MR applications continues to expand.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

A Mild Causal Relationship Between Tea Consumption and Obesity in General Population: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Cancan Li et al.

Summary: This study used two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal relationship between tea consumption and obesity. The results showed a mild causation between tea consumption and obesity using the IVW method, while the other four approaches did not show significance. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of tea consumption on obesity-related health problems.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

A multi-layer functional genomic analysis to understand noncoding genetic variation in lipids

Shweta Ramdas et al.

Summary: This study integrates large-scale GWAS data and functional genomic data to uncover genes and mechanisms involved in regulating blood lipids. Through enrichment analysis and identification of transcription factor binding sites, important genes and transcription factors related to lipid levels are discovered. Additionally, a framework is proposed to prioritize causal variants and genes at GWAS loci.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Polygenic Mendelian Randomization

Frank Dudbridge

Summary: Many exposures in Mendelian randomization studies are polygenic and influenced by thousands of genetic variants. Using many SNPs as instrumental variables increases the precision of MR, while methods can be designed to relax assumptions and identify pleiotropic SNPs. Bayesian approaches and sensitivity analyses help triangulate evidence about causality.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Salivary biomarkers in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study

Pia Lopez-Jornet et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the diagnostic value of salivary biomarkers in breast cancer patients compared to controls without neoplastic disease, revealing that CA125 and sFas are potentially promising tools for breast cancer diagnosis.

SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

Cancer Statistics, 2021

Rebecca L. Siegel et al.

Summary: Every year, the American Cancer Society projects the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States, with the latest data showing a significant decline in lung cancer mortality, while prostate cancer mortality has plateaued and breast and colorectal cancer mortality have slowed. Improvements in treatment have accelerated progress against lung cancer, leading to a record drop in overall cancer mortality.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Triangulating Evidence through the Inclusion of Genetically Informed Designs

Marcus R. Munafo et al.

Summary: Researchers should use a variety of methods, including design-based methods and genetically informed methods, to reduce bias and increase the certainty of causal inference regarding disease onset and progression.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Impact on Clinical and Radiographic Features of Breast Cancer

Braden Miller et al.

Summary: Obesity, diabetes, and inflammation increase the risk of breast cancer, with imaging-based screening being essential for early detection. Conventional imaging modalities in obese and diabetic women may lead to increased sensitivity but decreased specificity. Novel molecular imaging techniques offer potential to improve breast cancer diagnosis in these high-risk patients, but further validation in clinical practice is needed.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Combining the strengths of inverse-variance weighting and Egger regression in Mendelian randomization using a mixture of regressions model

Zhaotong Lin et al.

Summary: The study presents a mixture model combining IVW and Egger regression to improve statistical power and robustness, considering both valid and invalid IVs. Model averaging and data perturbation schemes are proposed to address uncertainties in model/IV selection for more robust statistical inference in finite samples. Extensive simulations and applications demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods over IVW and Egger regression, highlighting their potential utility in causal inference.

PLOS GENETICS (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Causal Association between Periodontitis and Parkinson's Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

Joao Botelho et al.

Summary: This study explored the causal relationship between periodontitis and Parkinson's disease through two-sample Mendelian randomization in European ancestry populations. The results did not find any genetic liability of periodontitis being associated with a higher risk of PD, nor any association of genetically primed PD towards periodontitis. Further GWAS studies are needed for confirmation.

GENES (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Mendelian Randomization With Refined Instrumental Variables From Genetic Score Improves Accuracy and Reduces Bias

Lijuan Lin et al.

Summary: Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method that estimates the causal effect of risk factors on complex diseases using genetic variants as instrumental variables. The proposed method, MR-RIVER, constructs a genetic IV by integrating multiple genetic variants based on summarized results, providing more statistical power compared to existing methods while maintaining type I error control.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology