Role of FXR in Renal Physiology and Kidney Diseases

Farnesoid X receptor, also known as the bile acid receptor, belongs to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors, which performs its functions by regulating the transcription of target genes. FXR is highly expressed in the liver, small intestine, kidney and adrenal gland, maintaining homeostasis of bile acid, glucose and lipids by regulating a diverse array of target genes. It also participates in several pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, immune responses and fibrosis. The kidney is a key organ that manages water and solute homeostasis for the whole body, and kidney injury or dysfunction is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the kidney, FXR plays an important role in renal water reabsorption and is thought to perform protective functions in acute kidney disease and chronic kidney disease, especially diabetic kidney disease. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological function of FXR in the kidney.

Automated summary

Farnesoid X receptor, also known as the bile acid receptor, is highly expressed in the liver, small intestine, kidney and adrenal gland. It regulates bile acid, glucose and lipid homeostasis by controlling the transcription of target genes, and participates in inflammatory, immune and fibrotic processes. In the kidney, FXR plays a crucial role in renal water reabsorption and is believed to have protective effects in acute kidney disease and chronic kidney disease, specifically diabetic kidney disease.