Journal
NANOPHOTONICS
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 1105-1114Publisher
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0638
Keywords
integrated photonics; inverse design; mode-division multiplexing; nanophotonics
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This study presents a tunable mode converter filled with liquid crystal that enables high-order mode conversion and dynamic tunability. The design flow based on the adjoint method is experimentally validated, and it is shown to be an efficient tool for multifunction device design.
Tunable mode converter is a key component of channel switching and routing for optical communication system by adopting mode-division multiplexing. Traditional mode converter hardly implements high-order mode conversion and dynamic tunability simultaneously. In this study, we design a tunable mode converter filled with liquid crystal, which can convert fundamental mode into multiple high-order modes (TE0, TE1, and TE2) with a good performance and low intrinsic loss. For this multiple-objective task, we propose an inverse design framework based on the adjoint method. To experimentally prove our design, a tunable mode converter filled with air or water and a mode demultiplexer are fabricated to implement dynamic routing. The experimental results agree well with the simulation and reveal the crosstalk only around -7 dB. With its performance and efficiency, our proposed design flow can be a powerful tool for multifunction device design.
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