Stepped waveguide metamaterials as low-loss effective replica of surface plasmon polaritons

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have attracted intensive attention for the unprecedented developments of light-matter interactions in optics and photonics, providing a feasible method for light confinement and transmission at a subwavelength scale. However, SPPs traditionally suffer from large losses due to the intrinsic dissipations and absorptions, which hinder further development and applications of SPPs. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the concept of stepped waveguide metamaterials behaving as low-loss effective replicas of SPPs. The proposed structure without natural plasmonic material maintains the identical field configuration to that in regular SPP but avoids the inherent losses, outperforming regular low-loss SPP design with natural plasmonic materials on SPP propagation lengths. Furthermore, stepped waveguide metamaterial exhibits excellent compatibility in direct interconnections with arbitrary regular SPP and potentially represents a feasible route toward new SPP devices with low-loss advantages.

Automated summary

This study investigates the concept of stepped waveguide metamaterials as low-loss effective replicas of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The proposed structure maintains the same field configuration as regular SPPs but avoids inherent losses, outperforming regular low-loss SPP designs with natural plasmonic materials in terms of propagation lengths. Furthermore, the stepped waveguide metamaterial exhibits excellent compatibility in direct interconnections with arbitrary regular SPPs, potentially leading to new SPP devices with low-loss advantages.