Dual Characteristics of Maxwell Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Shrinking Sheet with Variable Heat Source or Sink

Flow and heat transfer of a Maxwell hybrid nanofluid (Cu-Al2O3/water) over a shrinking sheet with effects of magnetic field, suction, and heat source or sink are investigated. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a set of similarity transformations. These equations are solved using the well-established shooting method. Important findings are that the shear stress, heat transfer rate and velocity increase with the increase of Deborah number, buoyancy parameter and suction parameter. The domain of the existence of dual solutions significantly becomes wider with the increase of the suction parameter, Deborah number, magnetic parameter, and volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles. For higher volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles, the shear stress and the rate of heat transfer are found to decrease. Contrary to this, an increase in Cu nanoparticles volume fraction augments the shear stress but reduces the heat transfer rate.

Automated summary

The effects of magnetic field, suction, and heat source or sink on the flow and heat transfer of a Maxwell hybrid nanofluid (Cu-Al2O3/water) over a shrinking sheet are investigated. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, and they are solved using the shooting method. It is found that the shear stress, heat transfer rate, and velocity increase with the increase of Deborah number, buoyancy parameter, and suction parameter. The existence of dual solutions expands with the increase of the suction parameter, Deborah number, magnetic parameter, and volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles. For a higher volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles, the shear stress and heat transfer rate decrease, while an increase in Cu nanoparticles volume fraction increases the shear stress but reduces the heat transfer rate.