Assessment of urban sprawls, amenities, and indifferences of LST and AOD in sub-urban area: a case study of Jammu

Urbanization, particularly in peri-urban areas, often results in critically transforming the regional land use and land cover (LULC). The increased built-up in peri-urban areas affects the regional accessibility of residents of urban clusters to requisite amenities and severely affects the regional environment, as observed in the case of Jammu district situated in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas. The present study is aimed at assessing the rise of urban sprawls in Jammu district over the past two decades and how the urbanization has affected the lag in the number of amenities corresponding to the urban growth based on qualitative parameters. Further, a parameterization scheme is developed to assess the amenities quality. A comparison is made with Indore, a planned smart city, to assess the status of urbanization and residential quality based on an amenity index. The study also investigates the indifferences observed in some of the climate variables in the urban and sub-urban settings of the Jammu district. The investigation is conducted through a multi-ring buffer analysis approach utilizing the land use land cover (LULC) products based on Landsat 8/7 satellite imagery of 2002, 2013, and 2021. The indifferences in the settings are analyzed using MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) and land surface temperature (LST) products. The analysis leads to determination of critical urban parameters including the urban area, density, and growth rate, revealing significant urbanization at 25-27 km from the city center. Significant indifferences are observed in urban and sub-urban areas indicating higher rise in LST and AOD, particularly in the recent decade. These investigations provide critical information to urban and climate solution authorities for planning and management, particularly in critically endangered areas.

Automated summary

The study aims to assess the growth of urban sprawls in Jammu district over the past two decades and investigate the impact of urbanization on the lag in amenities corresponding to urban growth. A comparison is made with the planned smart city of Indore to evaluate the current status of urbanization and residential quality. Using land use land cover (LULC) products and MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) and land surface temperature (LST) products, the study reveals significant urbanization at 25-27 km from the city center and noticeable differences between urban and sub-urban areas, with a rapid increase in LST and AOD in the recent decade.