Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 57, Issue 7, Pages 2898-2906Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c056632898
Keywords
power system in China; air pollution; public health
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China's power system is undergoing a transition from equal-share dispatch to economic dispatch, which can result in significant reductions in air pollution-related mortality and CO2 emissions. Incorporating emission externalities in electricity generation costs can further enhance health and climate benefits. However, the uneven distribution of benefits across China may lead to increased health damage in some regions.
China's power system is highly regulated and uses an equal-share dispatch approach. However, market mechanisms are being introduced to reduce generation costs and improve system reliability. Here, we quantify the climate and human health impacts brought about by this transition, modeling China's power system operations under economic dispatch. We find that significant reductions in mortality related to air pollution (11%) and CO2 emissions (3%) from the power sector can be attained by economic dispatch, relative to the equal-share approach, through more efficient coal-powered generation. Additional health and climate benefits can be achieved by incorporating emission externalities in electricity generation costs. However, the benefits of the transition to economic dispatch will be unevenly distributed across China and may lead to increased health damage in some regions. Our results show the potential of dispatch decision-making in electricity generation to mitigate the negative impacts of power plant emissions with existing facilities in China.
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