Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
Volume 72, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2023.3261911
Keywords
Power cables; Multiple signal classification; Reflectometry; Impedance; Fault detection; Fault location; Circuit faults; Cable fault detection; coaxial cable; kurtosis; soft fault; time-reversal multiple signal classification (TR-MUSIC)
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Soft faults in cables can cause short circuits and open circuits, which need to be detected and eliminated as early as possible for the safe and stable operation of the cables. The time-reversal multiple signal classification (TR-MUSIC) method has been proven effective for locating soft faults in cables due to its high resolution and noise robustness. However, traditional TR-MUSIC requires a vector network analyzer (VNA) for measuring the scattering matrix of cables, which adds complexity and cost. To address this, a new method is proposed using an arbitrary function generator and an oscilloscope to acquire the desired scattering parameters.
Soft faults in cables may trigger short circuits and open circuits in time, in that they ought to be detected and thus eliminated at the earliest possible stage, as to ensure safe and stable operation of the cables. A method called the time-reversal multiple signal classification (TR-MUSIC) had been proposed in the literature, which has been demonstrated to be an effective technique for locating soft faults in cables, due to its high resolution and excellent noise robustness. However, traditional TR-MUSIC relies on a vector network analyzer (VNA) for measuring the scattering matrix of cables, which adds cost and complexity to its implementation. In this regard, a new way of acquiring the desired scattering parameters is here proposed. An arbitrary function generator is used to inject incident signals into the cable under test (CUT), and an oscilloscope is used to collect the reflected signals. After postprocessing, the phase of scattering parameters can be obtained. There is another key issue in the image of the detection results, and ghost traces caused by the periodicity of Green's function severely impact the vision saliency of the actual fault location, which limits the performance of the fault location. A step frequency variant of TR-MUSIC has been proposed, therefore, to mitigate ghost traces. Experimental results show that the fault location error of the proposed approach is smaller than 0.33% for a 51-m long coaxial cable. Moreover, in the case of introducing noise, the proposed approach can operate in situations with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as low as -6 dB.
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