Journal
JOURNAL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND CLEAN ENERGY
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 479-488Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2022.000003
Keywords
Phasor measurement units; State estimation; Noise measurement; Loss measurement; Power systems; Maximum likelihood estimation; Observability; Phasor measurement unit (PMU); smart grids; optimal placement; state estimation (SE)
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This paper proposes a new method for optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement (OPP) in smart grids. It considers the effects of conventional measurements, limited channels of PMUs, zero-injection buses (ZIBs), single PMU loss contingency, state estimation error (SEE), and the maximum SEE variance (MSEEV). A robust t-distribution maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is used to obtain SEE and MSEEV, allowing for modeling of both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises. The proposed OPP method is verified through simulations on various power systems.
The distribution of measurement noise is usually assumed to be Gaussian in the optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement (OPP) problem. However, this is not always accurate in practice. This paper proposes a new OPP method for smart grids in which the effects of conventional measurements, limited channels of PMUs, zero-injection buses (ZIBs), single PMU loss contingency, state estimation error (SEE), and the maximum SEE variance (MSEEV) are considered. The SEE and MSEEV are both obtained using a robust t-distribution maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) because t-distribution is more flexible for modeling both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises. The A-and G-optimal experimental criteria are utilized to form the SEE and MSEEV constraints. This allows the optimization problem to be converted into a linear objective func- tion subject to linear matrix inequality observability con- straints. The performance of the proposed OPP method is verified by the simulations of the IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, and 118-bus systems as well as the 211-bus practical distribution system in China.
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