Perfusion gradients promote delayed perihaematomal oedema in intracerebral haemorrhage

Perihaematomal oedema is a potential therapeutic target to improve outcome of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, but its pathophysiology remains poorly elucidated. We investigated the longitudinal changes of cerebral perfusion and their influence on perihaematomal oedema development in 150 patients with intracerebral haemorrhage who underwent computed tomography perfusion within 6 h from onset, at 24 h and at 7 days. Perfusion parameters were measured in haemorrhagic core, perihaematomal rim, surrounding normal appearing and contralateral brain tissue. Computed tomography perfusion parameters gradually improved from the core to the periphery in each time interval with an early increase at 24 h followed by a delayed decline at 7 days compared with admission values (P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that haematoma volume and cerebral blood flow gradient between normal appearing and perihaematomal rim were independently associated with absolute perihaematomal oedema volume in the different time points (within 6 h, B = 0.128, P = 0.032; at 24 h, B = 0.133, P = 0.016; at 7 days, B = 0.218, P < 0.001). In a secondary analysis with relative perihaematomal oedema as the outcome of interest, cerebral blood flow gradient between normal appearing and perihaematomal rim was an independent predictor of perihaematomal oedema only at 7 days (B = 0.239, P = 0.002). Our findings raise the intriguing hypothesis that perfusion gradients promote perihaematomal oedema development in the subacute phase after intracerebral haemorrhage. Fainardi et al. investigated the longitudinal change of perfusion parameters and their association with oedema in patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage. Perihaemorrhagic perfusion gradients promote oedema development and might represent a novel therapeutic target in the subacute phase following intracerebral haemorrhage.

Automated summary

This study investigated the longitudinal changes of cerebral perfusion and their influence on perihaematomal oedema development in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. The results showed gradual improvement of perfusion parameters from the core to the periphery, with an early increase at 24 h followed by a delayed decline at 7 days. Hematoma volume and cerebral blood flow gradient were found to be independently associated with perihaematomal oedema volume at different time points. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target for improving outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage.