Recent progress in the development of high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention due to their low-cost fabrication and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the long-term stability issues of PSCs remain a significant bottleneck impeding their commercialization. Inverted PSCs with a p-i-n architecture are being actively researched due to their concurrent good stability and decent efficiency. In particular, the PCE of inverted PSCs has improved significantly in recent years and is now almost approaching that of n-i-p PSCs. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of high-efficiency inverted PSCs, including the development of perovskite compositions, fabrication methods, and counter electrode materials (CEMs). Notably, we highlight the development of charge transport materials (CTMs) and the effects of defect passivation strategies on the performance of inverted PSCs. Finally, we discuss the remaining issues and perspectives of high-efficiency inverted PSCs.

Automated summary

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained much attention for their low cost and high efficiency, but their long-term stability issues have hindered commercialization. Inverted PSCs with a p-i-n architecture have been extensively studied due to their good stability and efficiency. This review summarizes recent progress in high-efficiency inverted PSCs, including perovskite compositions, fabrication methods, and counter electrode materials. The development of charge transport materials and defect passivation strategies are also highlighted for their impact on inverted PSC performance. The remaining challenges and future perspectives are discussed.