Transient and dry recycling of battery materials with negligible carbon footprint and roll-to-roll scalability

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recycling/Reuse of Current Collectors from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Benefits and Issues

Subramanian Natarajan et al.

Summary: This article introduces different strategies for separating current collectors from the electrode materials of spent LIBs and suggests future research directions for developing efficient recycling methods.

ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Critical strategies for recycling process of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review

Junjie Liu et al.

Summary: This review presents the recent research progress in recycling strategies for spent graphite, including separation and reuse technologies. By separating and regenerating spent graphite, it can be transformed into valuable resources for battery materials and other high-value products.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Precise separation of spent lithium-ion cells in water without discharging for recycling

Yun Zhao et al.

Summary: New method of disassembling charged jellyroll LIB cells in water demonstrates high recycling efficiency and enables the establishment of a circular economy in the industry.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

From spent lithium-ion batteries to high performance sodium-ion batteries: a case study

Yu Lei et al.

Summary: Due to the increasing demand for valuable metals and growing environmental awareness, the efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted attention. In addition to reuse in LIBs, the recycled electrode materials from spent LIBs have potential applications in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). This study develops a simple and efficient approach to synthesize electrode materials from spent LIBs, which exhibit outstanding sodium storage properties.

MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY (2022)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Progresses in Sustainable Recycling Technology of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kaidi Du et al.

Summary: The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial due to their environmental hazards and resource consumption. This review critically analyses the value, need, and existing technologies for recycling these batteries. It also discusses the progress in recycling other components and addresses the prospects for recycling these batteries in terms of government, users, battery manufacturers, and recyclers.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A SiCl4-Assisted Roasting Approach for Recovering Spent LiCoO2 Cathode

Mengting Li et al.

Summary: The silicon tetrachloride-assisted roasting technique proposed in this paper efficiently recovers important substances from spent lithium cobalt oxide batteries and successfully re-synthesizes new battery materials with good performance.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reclaimed and Up-Cycled Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Dominika Gastol et al.

Summary: With the increasing use of electric vehicles, there is a growing demand for lithium-ion batteries and thus a greater need to find better ways to recycle them at the end of their lifespan. This study focuses on the reclamation and reuse of cathode material from these batteries. Two different recycling routes, shredding and disassembly, were used to recover black mass containing mixed LiMn2O4 and Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 from a Nissan Leaf pouch cell. The purity of the waste material stream was compared for both processes, with the disassembled waste stream having fewer impurities. The reclaimed black mass was further treated to reclaim the transition metals and synthesize an upcycled cathode. The reclamation processes were evaluated based on the purity of the reclaimed material, the performance of the remanufactured cell, and the energy required for the complete process. The recycled material showed comparable electrochemical performance to the as-manufactured cathode material, indicating no detrimental effect of purified recycled transition metal content. This research represents an important step towards scalable approaches to the recycling of end-of-life cathode material in lithium-ion batteries.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials

Joris Baars et al.

Summary: New battery chemistry can reduce reliance on cobalt for electric vehicles, but circular economy strategies are needed to prevent burden shifting to other resources. The adoption of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles will increase demand for natural resources, leading to new challenges and risks in the supply chain. To strengthen resilience and sustainability, circular economy strategies are essential to reduce primary resource requirements.

NATURE SUSTAINABILITY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Green synthesis of graphite from CO2 without graphitization process of amorphous carbon

Chu Liang et al.

Summary: Green synthesis of graphite without transition metal catalysts at low temperatures is a challenge. A green approach of synthesizing graphite from carbon dioxide in seconds has shown promising results in terms of lithium storage materials.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Environmental Impacts of Graphite Recycling from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Life Cycle Assessment

Irene Rey et al.

Summary: The increasing production of lithium-ion batteries poses environmental and health threats. Focus on circular economy principles and graphite recycling processes will be crucial for the sustainable development of the battery industry.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Epitaxial Regeneration of Spent Graphite Anode Material by an Ecofriendly In-Depth Purification Route

Haoran Da et al.

Summary: This study proposes a novel in-depth purification process to eliminate impurities in graphite, as well as effectively removing residual impurities through alkali roasting treatment. In situ TEM investigation reveals the graphitization and construction of Li+ transport channels during the regeneration process. The optimized purification and regeneration treatments demonstrate promising recycling of spent graphite anodes.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A comprehensive review on the pretreatment process in lithium-ion battery recycling

Seoa Kim et al.

Summary: The rising demand for LIBs necessitates the recycling of spent LIBs through pretreatment processes to enhance recovery efficiency and reduce energy consumption. This review systematically analyzes the development and current status of pretreatment methods for spent LIBs, providing valuable insights for future research.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

High reversibility of layered oxide cathode enabled by direct Re-generation

Yaqing Guo et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively investigated the degradation mechanisms of layered transition metal oxide single crystal particles in lithium-ion batteries, and proposed a direct regeneration technology to recover the degraded cathode materials with over 90% capacity retention. The regenerated cathodes maintained a layered crystalline structure and high capacity in pouch cells after 500 cycles, demonstrating a foundational direction for sustainable development of energy materials.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

ELECTRIC CARS: THE BATTERY CHALLENGE

Davide Castelvecchi

NATURE (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Progress in the sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Min Fan et al.

Summary: The article summarizes the recent progress of recycling spent LIBs, especially focusing on green innovations. The sustainability of the recycling process has become an important factor in the field.

SUSMAT (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A high-performance regenerated graphite extracted from discarded lithium-ion batteries

Dingshan Ruan et al.

Summary: Regeneration of graphite anode from discarded lithium-ion batteries using pyrolyzation, acid leaching, graphitization and coating methods resulted in significant enhancement of electrochemical performance, leading to higher initial coulombic efficiency, specific capacity, and cycling performance compared to commercial graphite anodes.

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sustainable Recycling Technology for Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Challenges and Future Prospects

Ersha Fan et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Graphite Recycling from the Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Sulfuric Acid Curing-Leaching Combined with High-Temperature Calcination

Yang Gao et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

In-situ recycling of coating materials and Al foils from spent lithium ion batteries by ultrasonic-assisted acid scrubbing

Xiangping Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2020)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A green and facile approach for regeneration of graphite from spent lithium ion battery

Chenxing Yi et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Innovative Electrochemical Strategy to Recovery of Cathode and Efficient Lithium Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kui Liu et al.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

An Urgent Call to Spent LIB Recycling: Whys and Wherefores for Graphite Recovery

Subramanian Natarajan et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Understanding fundamental effects of Cu impurity in different forms for recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials

Ruihan Zhang et al.

NANO ENERGY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

Tyler Or et al.

CARBON ENERGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A process for combination of recycling lithium and regenerating graphite from spent lithium-ion battery

Yue Yang et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Ambient-Pressure Relithiation of Degraded LixNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (0 < x < 1) via Eutectic Solutions for Direct Regeneration of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes

Yang Shi et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Efficient Separation of Aluminum Foil and Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Low-Temperature Molten Salt

Mengmeng Wang et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles

Gavin Harper et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Performance Graphite Recovered from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Xiaotu Ma et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lithiation-Aided Conversion of End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes to High-Quality Graphene and Graphene Oxide

Yunya Zhang et al.

NANO LETTERS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Staging Na/K-ion de-/intercalation of graphite retrieved from spent Li-ion batteries: in operando X-ray diffraction studies and an advanced anode material for Na/K-ion batteries

Hao-Jie Liang et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Recycling End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries

Mengyuan Chen et al.

JOULE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Epitaxial Welding of Carbon Nanotube Networks for Aqueous Battery Current Collectors

Yonggang Yao et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Effective regeneration of LiCoO2 from spent lithium-ion batteries: a direct approach towards high-performance active particles

Yang Shi et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Effective regeneration of anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries

Jin Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Carbothermal shock synthesis of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles

Yonggang Yao et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Critical Review and Analysis on the Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Weiguang Lv et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Resolving the Compositional and Structural Defects of Degraded LiNixCoyMnzO2 Particles to Directly Regenerate High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes

Yang Shi et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries

Xiaoxiao Zhang et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Subramanian Natarajan et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Thermal treatment process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

Yue Yang et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sustainable Recycling and Regeneration of Cathode Scraps from Industrial Production of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Xiaoxiao Zhang et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2016)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Aging Mechanisms of Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Cheng Lin et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermal stability of lithium-ion battery electrolytes

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JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2003)

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Transient and dry recycling of battery materials with negligible carbon footprint and roll-to-roll scalability

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