Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 217-229Publisher
KOREAN NEUROLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0208
Keywords
multiple sclerosis; review; neuroimmunology; autoimmune neurology
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. This review provides a detailed update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment advances, and major ongoing research investigations in MS.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. Conceptual understandings of MS have evolved over time, including the identification of B cells as key factors in its pathophysiology. The foundation of MS management involves preventing flares so as to avoid long-term functional decline. Treatments may be categorized into low-, middle-, and high-efficacy medications based on their efficacy in relapse prevention. With 24 FDAapproved treatments for MS, individual therapy is chosen based on distinct mechanisms and potential side effects. This review provides a detailed update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment advances, and major ongoing research investigations in MS.
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