Generation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Blood Cell Reprogramming

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been successfully used to treat multiple diseases in animal studies and clinical trials. Currently, the commonly used MSCs are derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Alternative approaches include differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into MSCs, or direct reprogramming of blood cells into MSCs. This review summarizes recent progresses concerning how to generate MSCs by blood cell reprogramming and how studies in cellular reprogramming may help identify new factors to expand or even rejuvenate adult MSCs.