Validation of Anti-pyretic-Derived Natural Products and Their Potentials for Drug Discovery

Fever is a complicated process that occurs in response to infection and inflammatory diseases, stimulating the immune system that may cause severe biological changes in the human body. Hence, anti-pyretic agents are prescribed to reduce elevated body temperature in order to maintain thermal homeostasis and protect the brain from damage. Additionally, there is always a growing need for safe and effective anti-pyretic drugs derived from natural products, especially that anti-pyretic pathways have been investigated well in previous literature. Many animal models are established for assessing anti-pyretic candidates resulting in two types of anti-pyretics. They are the endogenous anti-pyretics that act as a defense mechanism for temperature regulation and the exogenous anti-pyretics. The current article discusses the main anti-pyretic pathways, models for assessing anti-pyretics, metabolomics applications in anti-pyretic assays, and screening of anti-pyretic and analgesic natural products. Screening of plant-derived natural products and active principles with anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, in addition to their mechanism of action and validation methods, is described in the current article. Hence, this review could contribute to the introduction of a site-specific and safe naturally derived anti-pyretic medications with potential therapeutic qualities compared to currently available synthetic anti-pyretics.

Automated summary

Fever is a complex process caused by infection and inflammation, which can have severe biological effects on the body. Anti-pyretic drugs are prescribed to reduce body temperature and protect the brain. Natural anti-pyretic drugs are in high demand, and this article discusses the pathways, models, and screening of anti-pyretic natural products. It could contribute to the development of safe and effective natural anti-pyretic medications.