Journal
CELL REPORTS
Volume 17, Issue 3, Pages 837-848Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.042
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Funding
- VIB-Marie Curie fellowship
- WiFoMed
- Daimler and Benz Foundation
- Reinhard Frank Foundation
- Bettina-Brau-Foundation
- Kind-Philipp-Foundation
- Deutsche Stiftung fur junge Erwachsene mit Krebs
- Fritz-Thyssen Foundation [FTF-40.15.0.030MN]
- Friedrich-Baur Foundation
- German Cancer Aid [DKH-111886, DKH-70112257]
- Marie Curie-CIG
- FWO-Odysseus II
- Concern Foundation
- FWO-Research Grants
- KU-Leuven Methusalem
- Eugene Yourassowsky Schenking
- Bayer Health Care
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Cellular proliferation depends on refilling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to support biomass production (anaplerosis). The two major anaplerotic pathways in cells are pyruvate conversion to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and glutamine conversion to a-ketoglutarate. Cancers often show an organ-specific reliance on either pathway. However, it remains unknown whether they adapt their mode of anaplerosis when metastasizing to a distant organ. We measured PC-dependent anaplerosis in breast-cancer-derived lung metastases compared to their primary cancers using in vivo C-13 tracer analysis. We discovered that lung metastases have higher PC-dependent anaplerosis compared to primary breast cancers. Based on in vitro analysis and a mathematical model for the determination of compartment-specific metabolite concentrations, we found that mitochondrial pyruvate concentrations can promote PC-dependent anaplerosis via enzyme kinetics. In conclusion, we show that breast cancer cells proliferating as lung metastases activate PC-dependent anaplerosis in response to the lung microenvironment.
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