Journal
Cell Reports
Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 1445-1455Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.073
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Funding
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [1R01 DE021109-01, F30DE022989]
- Harvard University for the Herschel Smith Graduate Fellowship
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The mouth arises from the extreme anterior domain (EAD), a region where the ectoderm and endoderm are directly juxtaposed. Here, we identify a premouth array in Xenopus that forms soon after the cranial neural crest has migrated to lie on either side of the EAD. Initially, EAD ectoderm comprises a wide and short epithelial mass that becomes narrow and tall with cells and nuclei changing shape, a characteristic of convergent extension. The resulting two rows of cells-the pre-mouth array-later split down the midline to surround the mouth opening. Neural crest is essential for convergent extension and likely signals to the EAD through the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Fzl7 receptor is locally required in EAD ectoderm, while Wnt11 ligand is required more globally. Indeed, heterologous cells expressing Wnt11 can elicit EAD convergent extension. The study reveals a precise cellular mechanism that positions and contributes to the future mouth.
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