Prominin-1 deletion results in spermatogenic impairment, sperm morphological defects, and infertility in mice

PurposeSpermatogenesis is a complex process orchestrated by several essential genes. Prominin-1 (Prom1/PROM1) is a gene that is expressed in the testis but with a poorly understood role in spermatogenesis. MethodsWe used Prom1 knockout (Prom1 KO) mice to assess the role of Prom1 in spermatogenesis. To this end, we performed immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting, beta-galactosidase staining, and apoptosis assay. Additionally, we analyzed the morphology of sperm and assessed litter sizes. ResultsWe observed that PROM1 is localized to the dividing spermatocytes in seminiferous epithelial cells, sperm, and columnar epithelium in the epididymis. In the Prom1 KO testis, an aberrant increase in apoptotic cells and a decrease in proliferating seminiferous epithelial cells were observed. Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) expression were also significantly decreased in Prom1 KO testis. In addition, a significantly increased number of epididymal spermatozoa with abnormal morphology and less motility was found in Prom1 KO mice. ConclusionsPROM1 maintains spermatogenic cell proliferation and survival via c-FLIP expression in the testis. It is also involved in sperm motility and fertilization potential. The mechanism underlying the effect of Prom1 on sperm morphology and motility remains to be identified.

Automated summary

This study reveals the crucial role of Prom1 gene in spermatogenesis. It maintains normal spermatogenesis by promoting cell proliferation and survival, and it is also involved in sperm motility and fertilization potential. Furthermore, the loss of Prom1 gene leads to abnormal sperm morphology and decreased motility, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.