Journal
THERANOSTICS
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages 2114-2139Publisher
IVYSPRING INT PUBL
DOI: 10.7150/thno.80213
Keywords
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE); Micro; nano materials; Particulate; embolic agents; Ga based liquid metal; Multifunctional flexible embolic agents
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Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has proven to be beneficial for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there are limitations with conventional TACE. To improve TACE, new materials with additional functions such as degradability, drug-loading and releasing properties, detectability, targetability, and multiple therapeutic modalities have been introduced. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging particulate embolization technology, with a focus on micro/nano materials, for TACE. The development routes and future outlooks of these micro/nano embolic materials are also discussed.
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been demonstrated to provide a survival benefit for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, conventional TACE still faces limitations associated with complications, side effects, unsatisfactory tumor responses, repeated treatment, and narrow indications. For further improvement of TACE, additional beneficial functions such as degradability, drug-loading and releasing properties, detectability, targetability, and multiple therapeutic modalities were introduced. The purpose here is to provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging particulate embolization technology with respect to materials. Therefore, this review systematically identified and described typical features, various functions, and practical applications of recently emerging micro/nano materials as particulate embolic agents for TACE. Besides, new insights into the liquid metals-based multifunctional and flexible embolic agents were highlighted. The current development routes and future outlooks of these micro/nano embolic materials were also presented to promote advancement in the field.
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