Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in two hospitals in Riyadh, as well as to judge the best type of tests to ensure blood transfusion safety. By using serological and nucleic acid test (NAT) tests, these donors were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), syphilis, and malaria infection as a first time of donation. Out of 58,898 blood units, 336 units were reacted for HBsAg, 5,318 units for HBcAbs, 506 units for HCV antibodies, 214 units for HIV Ab/Ag combinations, 206 units for HTLV antibodies, 355 units for syphilis antibodies, and 81 units for malaria. Moreover, the genotypic prevalence of these products showed that 349 units reacted for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA in blood donation. This study reflects the seriousness of the residual risk of TTI, which is still a threat factor for the transmission of blood-borne infectious diseases. It was discovered that utilising (NAT) could increase test sensitivities while also lowering residual TTI risks, improving blood safety, and being cost-effective.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in two hospitals in Riyadh and determined the best type of tests to ensure blood transfusion safety. Serological and nucleic acid tests (NAT) were performed on blood donors to screen for various infections. The study revealed the seriousness of the residual risk of TTI and suggested that utilizing NAT could improve blood safety and be cost-effective.