Spatiotemporal variations and impact factors of nutrients in the Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea

Nutrients play a fundamental role in maintaining coastal ecosystem stability. Based on two cruise observations in the winter of 2020 and the summer of 2021, the spatiotemporal variations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and orthophosphate (PO43-) and their influencing factors in Sanya Bay were analyzed. Results show that the mean DIN concentrations in the bay are 2.36 mu mol/L in winter and 1.73 mu mol/L in summer, and the mean PO43- concentrations are 0.08 mu mol/L in winter and 0.04 mu mol/L in summer. The nutrient concentrations and composition are significantly affected by the Sanya River. The surface DIN concentrations at the Sanya River estuary are 15.80 and 5.25 times than those inside the bay in winter and summer, respectively. Meanwhile, a high proportion of NO3- (74%) and a low proportion of NH4+ (20%) in DIN appear near the river estuary, while a low proportion of NO3- (37%) and a high proportion of NH4+ (53%) occur away from the estuary. In addition, the thermocline promotes the accumulation of NH4+ at the bottom layer in summer. The high proportion of NO3- is likely not favorable for the survival of coral reefs in eastern bay. Compared with the previous nutrient concentrations, the DIN concentration in the bay has a decrease after 2014, which might benefit from the implementation of the environmental protection policy by government.

Automated summary

Based on two cruise observations in the winter of 2020 and the summer of 2021, the spatiotemporal variations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and orthophosphate (PO43-) and their influencing factors in Sanya Bay were analyzed. The results showed that the nutrient concentrations and composition are significantly affected by the Sanya River. The DIN concentration in the bay has decreased after 2014, which might benefit from the implementation of the environmental protection policy by the government.