Gap equations of background field invariant refined Gribov-Zwanziger action proposals and the deconfinement transition

In earlier work, we set up an effective potential approach at zero temperature for the Gribov-Zwanziger model that takes into account not only the restriction to the first Gribov region as a way to deal with the gauge fixing ambiguity, but also the effect of dynamical dimension-two vacuum condensates. Here, we investigate the model at finite temperature in presence of a background gauge field that allows access to the Polyakov loop expectation value and the Yang-Mills (de)confinement phase structure. This necessitates paying attention to Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin and background gauge invariance of the whole construct. We employ two such methods as proposed elsewhere in literature: one based on using an appropriate dressed, Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin invariant, gluon field by the authors and one based on a Wilson-loop dressed Gribov-Zwanziger auxiliary field sector by Kroff and Reinosa. The latter approach outperforms the former in estimating the critical temperature for N 1/4 2, 3 as well as correctly predicting the order of the transition for both cases.

Automated summary

In our previous work, we developed an effective potential approach for the Gribov-Zwanziger model at zero temperature, considering both the restriction to the first Gribov region and the effect of dynamical dimension-two vacuum condensates. In this study, we investigate the model at finite temperature with a background gauge field, allowing access to the Polyakov loop expectation value and the Yang-Mills (de)confinement phase structure. We compare two methods proposed in the literature, one based on a dressed, Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin invariant, gluon field and the other based on a Wilson-loop dressed Gribov-Zwanziger auxiliary field sector. The latter method performs better in estimating the critical temperature and predicting the order of the transition.