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Summary: In 2022, Monkeypox mainly affects men who have sex with men and People living with HIV/AIDS. It presents with skin lesions localized to the anogenital area and can lead to severe complications requiring hospitalization.
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Summary: In 2022, there were several monkeypox outbreaks in countries where the disease was not previously endemic, particularly in the European Union and United States. While monkeypox is typically transmitted through close contact with lesions, there is a hypothesis of possible sexual transmission. This study found evidence suggesting that monkeypox and sexually transmitted infections may share the same route of transmission, supporting the idea of sexual transmission for this emerging poxvirus. Monkeypox, like any other STI, should be considered without stigma.
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Christian Hoffmann et al.
Summary: Since May 2022, there has been an increasing number of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections reported in Europe and North America. A retrospective study in Germany found that the majority of infected individuals were men who have sex with men (MSM), with nearly half of them also living with HIV. Despite some patients having coinfections, severe cases were rare and hospitalization rates were low.
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Kristina M. Angelo et al.
Summary: The early epidemiology of monkeypox in non-endemic countries differs significantly from endemic countries. This study describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of confirmed monkeypox cases. It found that the majority of cases were among men who have sex with men, with a proportion of them having HIV infection. These individuals had multiple sexual partners in the 21 days before symptom onset and exhibited different symptoms during their HIV infection.
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Oriol Mitja et al.
Summary: In the 2022 multicountry mpox outbreak, 38-50% of those affected were people living with HIV. Clinical outcomes and mortality were worse in people with more advanced HIV.
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Alfredo Maldonado-Barrueco et al.
Summary: Since May 2022, there has been a global increase in monkeypox virus cases transmitted through sexual contact. Real-time PCR testing of 187 monkeypox patients revealed 36 pathogens in 30 patients, including herpes simplex virus (33.3%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (25%), Chlamydia trachomatis (13.8%), Chlamydia trachomatis-lymphogranuloma venereum (8.3%), Treponema pallidum (11.1%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (8.3%). Screening for sexually transmitted infections is recommended for monkeypox patients, particularly those with rectal involvement.
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Summary: Human monkeypox is a zoonotic disease similar to smallpox. It can be transmitted through contact with infected animals, direct contact, respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects. Various medical countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral drugs, are available for the treatment of monkeypox.
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Dimie Ogoina et al.
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Kai Kupferschmidt
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Hasan Ejaz et al.
Summary: The monkeypox virus is a zoonotic infection similar to smallpox and has recently spread to other parts of the world from Africa. The virus has two distinct clades with different case fatality rates. The risk of infection is higher for individuals who work with animals or infected individuals. There is still limited understanding of the host immune response to the virus. While there are no specific therapeutic guidelines for treating monkeypox, some antiviral drugs may help alleviate the severity of the disease. Nonpharmaceutical interventions and immunization can reduce the risk of infection. Increased surveillance and identification of monkeypox cases are crucial for understanding the changing epidemiology of this disease.
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