Functional anti-bone tumor biomaterial scaffold: construction and application

Bone tumors, including primary bone tumors and bone metastases, have been plagued by poor prognosis for decades. Although most tumor tissue is removed, clinicians are still confronted with the dilemma of eliminating residual cancer cells and regenerating defective bone tissue after surgery. Therefore, functional biomaterial scaffolds are considered to be the ideal candidates to bridge defective tissues and restrain cancer recurrence. Through functionalized structural modifications or coupled therapeutic agents, they provide sufficient mechanical strength and osteoinductive effects while eliminating cancer cells. Numerous novel approaches such as photodynamic, photothermal, drug-conjugated, and immune adjuvant-assisted therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy against tumors while exhibiting low immunogenicity. This review summarizes the progress of research on biomaterial scaffolds based on different functionalization strategies in bone tumors. We also discuss the feasibility and advantages of the combined application of multiple functionalization strategies. Finally, potential obstacles to the clinical translation of anti-tumor bone bioscaffolds are highlighted. This review will provide valuable references for future advanced biomaterial scaffold design and clinical bone tumor therapy.

Automated summary

Bone tumors, both primary and metastatic, have poor prognosis. Functional biomaterial scaffolds are considered ideal for repairing defective bone tissue and preventing cancer recurrence. Various novel approaches, such as photodynamic and photothermal therapies, drug-conjugated therapies, and immune adjuvant-assisted therapies, have shown efficacy against tumors with low immunogenicity. This review summarizes the progress of research on biomaterial scaffolds in bone tumors and discusses the feasibility and advantages of combining multiple functionalization strategies. The potential obstacles to the clinical translation of anti-tumor bone bioscaffolds are also highlighted. This review provides valuable references for future advanced biomaterial scaffold design and clinical bone tumor therapy.