4.1 Article

Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (I/D) Polymorphism in COVID-19 Patients and Their Healthy Contacts

Journal

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages -

Publisher

SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38610

Keywords

allele; angiotensin; polymorphism; ace; covid-19

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This study aimed to analyze the effect of I/D mutation in the ACE gene on COVID-19 patients and their healthy contacts. Through PCR analysis, it was found that the wild 'D' allele was dominant in the population. The mutant 'I' allele was observed more in the controls than in the cases, and there was a significant association. The study concluded that the wild 'D' allele increased the risk of being affected by COVID-19, while the 'I' allele had a protective effect.
Introduction The quest to understand the pathophysiology behind the deleterious effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak took a turn when involvement of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) receptors in different organs, especially the lungs, could explain all the clinical manifestations and adverse events in patients. The I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene, having been attributed in various studies, was also seen to have an effect in this pandemic. Present study aimed to analyze the effect of this I/D mutation in COVID-19 patients and in their healthy contacts. Methods Patients with past history of COVID-19 infection and their healthy contacts were enrolled in the study after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent. The polymorphism was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was analyzed in SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results The allelic distribution followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with the wild 'D' allele being dominant in the population. Between the case and controls, the mutant 'I' allele was observed more in the controls, and the association was statistically significant. Conclusion From the results of the present study, it could be concluded that while the wild 'D' allele led to higher chances of being affected with COVID-19, the polymorphism to 'I' allele was relatively protective in nature.

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