Applications of deep eutectic solvents in microextraction and chromatographic separation techniques: Latest developments, challenges, and prospects

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently sparked considerable attention in a variety of scientific and technological fields. The unique properties of DESs include biodegradability, easy preparation, low cost, and tuneability, rendering them a new and prospective alternative to hazardous solvents. Analytical chemistry is one of the most appealing fields where DESs proved to be applicable in either sample preparation or chromatographic separation. This review summarizes the new horizons dedicated to the application of DESs in microextraction and chromatographic separation. The utilization of DESs in microextraction, in chromatography as mobile phase additives, and in chromatographic material preparation processes is outlined. The enhancements in chromatographic performance achieved using DESs and any potential explanations deduced from the experimental findings were primarily discussed. An additional brief discussion on DESs preparation, characterization, and properties is addressed in this work. Finally, current challenges and future trends are also presented, supplying evidence for distinct possibilities regarding new research approaches involving DESs. This review can represent a guide and stimulate further research in this field.

Automated summary

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties and potential as substitutes for hazardous solvents. This review summarizes the application of DESs in microextraction and chromatographic separation, discussing their use in sample preparation, chromatography as mobile phase additives, and chromatographic material preparation. The enhancements in chromatographic performance achieved using DESs are discussed, and future research trends and challenges are presented. This review serves as a guide and stimulates further research in this field.