Atherosclerosis and Epigenetic Modifications in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, with prevalence currently projected at 10% and rising. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients and is integrally linked with atherogenesis and vascular stiffness. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and the level of proteinuria are not only markers of kidney function but of cardiovascular risk, as well. Despite the efforts, CKD patients still experience excessive cardiovascular burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (18-24 nucleotides), single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by blocking messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and initiating degradation of mRNA. Studies have confirmed the imperative role of miRNA dysregulation in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and CKD. This article summarizes what is currently known about the role of miRNAs in CKD patients.

Automated summary

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common chronic disease worldwide, with a prevalence of 10% and rising. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients and is closely related to atherogenesis and vascular stiffness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of CKD, as well as other diseases such as atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in CKD patients.