Journal
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
Volume 5, Issue 14, Pages 1821-1830Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600187
Keywords
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Funding
- US Department of Veterans Affairs [IK2 BX002442-01A2, 1I01BX001367-01A2]
- Jean Perkins Foundation
- Aramont Foundation
- Bernard G. Sarnat Endowment for Craniofacial Biology
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [R21 AR063331]
- UIUC from National Science Foundation (NSF) [0965918]
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Engineering the osteochondral junction requires fabrication of a micro-environment that supports both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Multiphasic scaffold strategies utilizing a combination of soluble factors and extracellular matrix components are ideally suited for such applications. In this work, the contribution of an osteogenic nanoparticulate mineralized glycosaminoglycan scaffold (MC-GAG) and a dually chondrogenic and osteogenic growth factor, BMP-9, in the differentiation of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is evaluated. Although 2D cultures demonstrate alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of hMSCs induced by BMP-9, MC-GAG scaffolds do not demonstrate significant differences in the collagen I expression, osteopontin expression, or mineralization. Instead, BMP-9 increases expression of collagen II, Sox9, aggrecan (ACAN), and cartilage oligomeric protein. However, the hypertrophic chondrocyte marker, collagen X, is not elevated with BMP-9 treatment. In addition, histologic analyses demonstrate that while BMP-9 does not increase mineralization, BMP-9 treatment results in an increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Thus, the combination of BMP-9 and MC-GAG stimulates chondrocytic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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