How did Chinese public health authorities promote COVID-19 vaccination on social media? A content analysis of the vaccination promotion posts

ObjectiveDrawing upon the health belief model, this study aims to analyze the message characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination promotion messages posted by influential Chinese public health institutions and how those characteristics affect audiences' participative engagement on Weibo, which is a popular social media site in China. MethodsTwo Chinese phrases for the COVID-19 vaccine were adopted as search terms to retrieve qualified posts on Weibo from 1 December 2019 to 18 March 2023. A total of 2546 posts by the top nine most impactful public health institutions were retained for quantitative content analysis. Message characteristics derived from the health belief model and participative engagement indicators were coded by the authors. ResultsAmong health belief model constructs, the collective-oriented constructs (i.e., benefits, cues to action, and susceptibility) appeared in almost half of the posts, while the individual-oriented constructs (i.e., barriers, self-efficacy, and severity) were mentioned less. Moreover, negative binomial regression models revealed that collective-oriented constructs and self-efficacy facilitated engagement, while other constructs played impeding roles. ConclusionsAppearances and functions of the health belief model's constructs in the COVID-19 vaccination promotion context are closely associated with China's collectivistic culture. Furthermore, constructs conforming to people's psychological traits are likely to promote public engagement and may facilitate vaccination behavior.

Automated summary

Drawing upon the health belief model, this study analyzed the message characteristics of COVID-19 vaccination promotion messages posted by influential Chinese public health institutions and their impact on audience engagement on Weibo. The findings showed that collective-oriented constructs were mentioned more frequently in the posts, while individual-oriented constructs were mentioned less. Furthermore, the study revealed that collective-oriented constructs and self-efficacy facilitated engagement, while other constructs played impeding roles.