Autoimmune adrenal insufficiency in children: a hint for polyglandular syndrome type 2?

BackgroundPrimary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in childhood is a life-threatening disease most commonly due to impaired steroidogenesis. Differently from adulthood, autoimmune adrenalitis is a rare condition amongst PAI's main aetiologies and could present as an isolated disorder or as a component of polyglandular syndromes, particularly type 2. As a matter of fact, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 2 consists of the association between autoimmune Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus and/or Hashimoto's disease.Case presentationWe report the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented Addison's disease and autoimmune thyroiditis at an early stage of life. The initial course of the disease was characterized by numerous crises of adrenal insufficiency, subsequently the treatment was adjusted in a tertiary hospital with improvement of disease control.ConclusionsAPS type 2 is a rare condition during childhood, probably because it may remain latent for long periods before resulting in the overt disease. We recommend an early detection of APS type 2 and an adequate treatment of adrenal insufficiency in a tertiary hospital. Moreover, we underline the importance of a regular follow-up in patients with autoimmune diseases, since unrevealed and incomplete forms are frequent, especially in childhood.

Automated summary

We report a case of an 8-year-old girl with early-onset Addison's disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. This case highlights the importance of early detection of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 and appropriate treatment of adrenal insufficiency in a tertiary hospital. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of regular follow-up in patients with autoimmune diseases, as unrevealed and incomplete forms are common, especially in childhood.