Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavioral in Balb/C Mice

The etiology of anxiety and depression is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. Isorhamnetin and Kaempferol are strong antioxidants with anti-inflammatory neuroprotective properties. This study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and depression model in mice. Thirty Balb/C mice were divided into six groups of five mice each weighing 25-35 g. Kaempferol (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) and Isorhamnetin (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) were given orally to the treatment group, and the vehicle was given to the control and LPS groups for fourteen days, followed by intraperitoneal (0.83 mg/kg) LPS injec-tion (control group excluding) on the fifteenth day. At 3 hours after the administration of LPS, each group was applied with the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) test, the Light/Dark test, and the Open Field test (OFT). At 24 hours after LPS administration, the Forced Swimming Test (FST) was applied and at 28 hours, the Tail Suspension Test (TST). After the behavioral test, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus tissues of rats were harvested by cervical dislocation under high-dose anesthesia. From these tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antiox-idant status (TAS) levels, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-& alpha;), interleukin-1beta (IL-1(3), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured. Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin ameliorated LPS-induced anxiety evaluated by OFT, Light/Dark test, and EPM, and LPS-induced depression evaluated by FST and TST. Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin alleviated LPS-induced increased oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hip-pocampus by decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAS levels. In addition, it was observed that Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin regulated the increase in prefrontal and hippocampal inflammation caused by LPS by decreasing TNF-& alpha;, IL-1(3, and IL-6 levels. Most importantly, LPS reduced prefrontal and hippocampal BDNF levels, but the treat-ment groups reversed it. These results show the possible therapeutic potential of Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin, along with the importance of oxidative stress, inflammation, and BDNF in the etiopathogenesis of anxiety and depression.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin in a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and depression model in mice. The results showed that these substances could alleviate LPS-induced anxiety and depression, as well as reduce oxidative stress and inflammation levels. The study highlights the potential therapeutic role of Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin in anxiety and depression, along with the importance of oxidative stress, inflammation, and BDNF in their etiopathogenesis.