The impact of early pregnancy metabolic disorders on pregnancy outcome and the specific mechanism

Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy. The most common causes of early miscarriage are chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo, maternal endocrine abnormalities, organ malformations, and abnormal immune factors. Late miscarriages are mostly caused by factors such as cervical insufficiency. However, the causes of 50% of miscarriages remain unknown. Recently, increasing attention has been given to the role of metabolic abnormalities in miscarriage. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of four major metabolic pathways (glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and oxidation-reduction balance) in miscarriage and the metabolism-related genes that lead to metabolic disorders in miscarriage. Depending on aetiology, the current treatments for miscarriage include hormonal and immunological drugs, as well as surgery, while there are few therapies for metabolism. Therefore, we also summarize the drugs for metabolism-related targets. The study of altered metabolism underlying miscarriage not only helps us to understand the mechanisms involved in miscarriage but also provides an important basis for clinical research on new therapies.

Automated summary

Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy with various causes, including chromosomal abnormalities, endocrine disorders, organ malformations, immune factors, and metabolic abnormalities. The roles of glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism, and oxidation-reduction balance, along with metabolism-related genes, in miscarriage are discussed. While hormonal and immunological drugs, as well as surgery, are currently used for miscarriage treatment, there are limited therapies for metabolism-related factors. Therefore, the study of altered metabolism in miscarriage not only helps in understanding the mechanisms but also contributes to the development of new therapies.