Journal
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
Volume 156, Issue -, Pages 125-133Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.010
Keywords
United States; Stress; Work; Socioeconomic status; Momentary workplace perceptions; Ecological momentary assessment; Cortisol
Funding
- Population Research Institute at the Pennsylvania State University
- National Institutes of Health [2R24HD041025-11]
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This paper asks whether workers with higher socioeconomic status (SES) experience different levels of stress at work than workers with lower SES and, if so, what might explain these differences. We collected innovative assessments of immediate objective and subjective measures of stress at multiple time points across consecutive days from 122 employed men and women. We find that in comparison to higher SES individuals, those with lower SES reported greater happiness at work, less self-reported stress, and less perceived stress; cortisol, a biological marker of stress, was unrelated to SES. Worker's momentary perceptions of the workplace were predicted by SES, with higher SES individuals more commonly reporting feeling unable to meet work demands, fewer work resources, and less positive work appraisals. In turn, perceptions of the workplace had a generally consistent and robust effect on positive mood, subjective stress, and cortisol. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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