4.7 Review

Immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies: achievements, challenges and future prospects

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

CD20-specific chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells as salvage therapy in rituximab-refractory/relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Qian Cheng et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of CD20 CAR T cells in rituximab-treated R/R B-NHL patients. The results showed that all enrolled patients achieved clinical responses with tolerable toxicities. However, patients who had received rituximab within 3 months had a poorer prognosis.

CYTOTHERAPY (2022)

Letter Oncology

First-in-human phase I study of CLL-1 CAR-T cells in adults with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Xin Jin et al.

Summary: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of CLL-1 CAR-T cell therapy in adults with R/R AML. All patients developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS), but none developed CAR-T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES). Despite severe pancytopenia in all patients, a 70% complete response (CR) or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) rate was achieved.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Lisocabtagene maraleucel as second-line therapy in adults with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma who were not intended for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (PILOT): an open-label, phase 2 study

Alison Sehgal et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lisocabtagene maraleucel as second-line treatment for patients with large B-cell lymphoma, showing potential therapeutic effects with some treatment-related adverse events.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Safety and efficacy of mosunetuzumab, a bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study

Lihua E. Budde et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the safety and efficacy of fixed-duration mosunetuzumab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. The results showed that mosunetuzumab has a favorable safety profile and induces high rates of complete remissions.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Modified risk-stratified sequential treatment (subcutaneous rituximab with or without chemotherapy) in B-cell Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after Solid organ transplantation (SOT): the prospective multicentre phase II PTLD-2 trial

Heiner Zimmermann et al.

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of a modified risk-stratification strategy in adult SOT recipients with CD20-positive PTLD. The results showed that this strategy achieved a favorable event-free survival rate in the low-risk group, while immunotherapy intensification in the very-high-risk group had disappointing results.

LEUKEMIA (2022)

Article Oncology

Single-cell ATAC-seq maps the comprehensive and dynamic chromatin accessibility landscape of CAR-T cell dysfunction

Penglei Jiang et al.

Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating hematopoietic malignancies. However, CAR-T cell exhaustion leading to high relapse rate and poor persistence remains a major barrier. This study investigated the mechanisms of CAR-T exhaustion through single-cell ATAC-seq and identified BATF and IRF4 as pivotal regulators. Knockdown of BATF or IRF4 improved killing ability, inhibited exhaustion, and prolonged CAR-T cell persistence in vivo.

LEUKEMIA (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Philippe Moreau et al.

Summary: Teclistamab demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, leading to high rates of deep and durable response. Common adverse events included cytokine release syndrome, cytopenias, and infections, with toxic effects mostly grade 1 or 2.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Overall Survival with Brentuximab Vedotin in Stage III or IV Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Stephen M. Ansell et al.

Summary: The study found that using A+AVD for the treatment of stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma provides a survival advantage over ABVD.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Immunology

CAR-T Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies: Current Opportunities and Challenges

Xiaomin Zhang et al.

Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has shown significant success in the treatment of hematological malignancies, but challenges remain in terms of adverse events and resistance mechanisms.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Hematology

Retrospective comparison of survival and responses to Fludarabine, Cytarabine, GCSF (FLAG) in combination with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) or Idarubicin (IDA) in patients with newly diagnosed core binding factor (CBF) acute myelogenous leukemia: MD Anderson experience in 174 patients

Gautam Borthakur et al.

Summary: Fludarabine, cytarabine, GCSF (FLAG)-based induction/consolidation with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (FLAG-GO) achieves higher remission rates in core binding factor (CBF) acute myelogenous leukemia compared to FLAG-IDA. FLAG-GO regimen results in better clinical outcomes and deeper molecular clearance by qPCR assessment of fusion transcripts.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2022)

Article Hematology

Trafficking between clonally related peripheral T-helper cells and tissue-resident T-helper cells in chronic GVHD

Xiaohui Kong et al.

Summary: Expansion of CXCR5-PD-1(hi) peripheral T-helper (Tph) cells in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is associated with disease severity. These cells promote memory B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin G production through interleukin 21 (IL-21). Tph cells in the blood and tissue-resident T-helper (Trh) cells in cGVHD target tissues share T-cell receptor alpha and beta repertoires, and their trafficking between the blood and target tissues is controlled by IL-21R-BCL6 signaling and T-bet. The development and expansion of Tph and Trh cells are important in the pathogenesis of cGVHD.

BLOOD (2022)

Article Hematology

A novel CD19/CD22/CD3 trispecific antibody enhances therapeutic efficacy and overcomes immune escape against B-ALL

Lijun Zhao et al.

Summary: This study developed a novel approach for enhancing antitumor efficacy and overcoming immune escape by designing a CD19/CD22/CD3 trispecific antibody (tsAb). The optimized tsAb showed superior ability in inducing T-cell-specific cytotoxicity and cytokine production against CD19+ and/or CD22+ tumor cells compared to other tsAb formats. It also demonstrated significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and the ability to overcome immune escape.

BLOOD (2022)

Article Urology & Nephrology

In vitro and in vivo evidence that the switch from c for updates calcineurin to mTOR inhibitors may be a strategy for immunosuppression in Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

Constantin J. Thieme et al.

Summary: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a severe complication of immunosuppression following transplantation. This study investigated the impact of different immunosuppressants on EBV-antigen-specific T cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines. The results showed that rapamycin and mycophenolic acid inhibited lymphoblastoid cell-line proliferation, prednisolone and rapamycin-treated T cells exhibited normal cytokine production, and tacrolimus and cyclosporin A suppressed T-cell function.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The journey of CAR-T therapy in hematological malignancies

Junru Lu et al.

Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, but some patients may experience relapse, leading to the need for novel strategies to overcome resistance and relapse mechanisms. Significant technological advancements have been made, and the clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy is constantly being explored and improved.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

PD-1 combination therapy with IL-2 modifies CD8+ T cell exhaustion program

Masao Hashimoto et al.

Summary: The study showed that combination therapy with PD-1 blockade and IL-2 during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection significantly alters the differentiation program of CD8(+) T cells, resulting in the generation of highly functional effector CD8(+) T cells that mediate viral control, thus providing a new perspective for cancer treatment.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Non-viral, specifically targeted CAR-T cells achieve high safety and efficacy in B-NHL

Jiqin Zhang et al.

Summary: A two-in-one approach to generate non-viral, gene-specific targeted CAR-T cells through CRISPR-Cas9 was successfully developed, demonstrating feasibility and efficacy in a preclinical study. An innovative type of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell with PD1 integration showed superior ability to eradicate tumor cells.

NATURE (2022)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury

Ben Sprangers et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have had a significant impact on cancer treatment, but their use can lead to immune-related adverse events, including acute kidney injury. This review provides an overview of the symptoms, biochemical markers, and potential underlying mechanisms of ICI-associated acute kidney injury, and proposes a diagnostic and management approach.

NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

GPRC5D-Targeted CAR T Cells for Myeloma

Sham Mailankody et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that GPRC5D is an active immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma, and GPRC5D-targeted CAR T-cell therapy shows promising efficacy in heavily pretreated patients, including those who relapsed after BCMA CAR T-cell therapy.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

USP14 promotes tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression by stabilizing IDO1 in colorectal cancer

Dongni Shi et al.

Summary: This study reveals that USP14, a proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme, regulates the post-translational modification of IDO1 and plays a role in suppressing antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Inhibiting USP14 can decrease IDO1 expression and reverse T-cell dysfunction, suggesting that targeting USP14 may be a promising strategy for CRC immunotherapy.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Hematology

Hyper-CVAD and sequential blinatumomab for newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 trial

Elias Jabbour et al.

Summary: This study investigated the incorporation of blinatumomab into front-line therapy for acute lymphocytic leukaemia and found that it improved outcomes and resulted in encouraging long-term survival.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

Editorial Material Hematology

Chronic GVHD on the move

Antonia M. S. Mueller

Summary: The study reveals a new pathophysiologic link between autoimmune diseases and chronic GVHD, showing the clonal relationship and trafficking abilities of peripheral T helper cells and tissue-resident T helper cells between blood and target organs.

BLOOD (2022)

Review Oncology

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse cardiac events in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiao-Tong Zhang et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the incidence of cardiotoxicity related to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies for lung cancer. The results showed that single ICI did not increase the risk of cardiotoxicity compared to chemotherapy, while single ICI plus chemotherapy increased the risk of cardiotoxicity by 67% compared to chemotherapy alone. Combination immunotherapy did not increase the risk of cardiotoxicity compared to single ICI.

CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Oncology

Hematologic cytopenia post CAR T cell therapy: Etiology, potential mechanisms and perspective

Xiaohui Si et al.

Summary: Chimeric Antigen-Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have shown significant efficacy in treating certain cancers, but they can also lead to adverse effects such as hematologic cytopenias, which are characterized by a reduction in mature blood cells and an increased risk of infections and other complications. This review summarizes the symptoms, causes, risk factors, and management of cytopenias, and delves into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cytopenias following CAR T-cell therapy.

CANCER LETTERS (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Genetically modified CD7-targeting allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy with enhanced efficacy for relapsed/refractory CD7-positive hematological malignancies: a phase I clinical study

Yongxian Hu et al.

Summary: This study developed healthy donor-derived CD7-targeting allogeneic CAR-T cells with genetic modifications and conducted a phase I clinical trial. The results demonstrated the encouraging safety and efficacy profiles of the RD13-01 allogeneic CAR-T cells for CD7(+) tumors.

CELL RESEARCH (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

An optimized bicistronic chimeric antigen receptor against GPC2 or CD276 overcomes heterogeneous expression in neuroblastoma

Meijie Tian et al.

Summary: This study identified high-activity CARs against neuroblastoma using multiple approaches and demonstrated the potential of targeting multiple TAAs with BiCisCAR to overcome heterogenous expression in solid tumors. The multimodal approach integrating competitive expansion, P-COCC, and cytotoxicity assays proved to be effective in identifying potent CARs.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

Review Oncology

Natural killer cells in antitumour adoptive cell immunotherapy

Tamara J. Laskowski et al.

Summary: This review provides an overview of NK cell-based immunotherapies, discussing strategies to increase NK cell cytotoxicity and persistence and highlighting the current challenges and future opportunities for the design of next-generation NK cell therapies.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

A multimodal imaging workflow for monitoring CAR T cell therapy against solid tumor from whole-body to single-cell level

Rita Pfeifer et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the importance of 3D micro CT/BLT for whole-body cell therapy monitoring and investigating CAR T cell pharmacokinetics, combining LSFM and MICS for assessing intratumoral therapeutic cell distribution and status.

THERANOSTICS (2022)

Article Immunology

Case Report: ITP Treatment After CAR-T Cell Therapy in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

Mengyi Du et al.

Summary: CAR-T cell therapy is a promising approach for treating relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies, but challenges such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and hematologic toxicity still remain. We report 3 cases of refractory thrombocytopenia in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with CAR-T cell therapy, who were successfully treated with standard therapy for immune thrombocytopenia.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Review Immunology

Cytokine release syndrome and associated neurotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy

Emma C. Morris et al.

Summary: CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment, but significant toxicities can occur in up to one-third of patients. The most common toxicities include cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Understanding their pathophysiology is crucial for developing novel therapeutics for prevention and management.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Alemtuzumab plus CHOP versus CHOP in elderly patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma: the DSHNHL2006-1B/ACT-2 trial

Gerald G. Wulf et al.

Summary: Combination therapy of alemtuzumab and CHOP in PTCL patients improved short-term response rates but increased the risk of infections due to treatment-related toxicity, ultimately not improving survival. Male sex and bulky disease were significant risk factors for EFS, PFS, and OS.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

Article Oncology

CAR T-cells that target acute B-lineage leukemia irrespective of CD19 expression

Kristen Fousek et al.

Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting CD19 have shown effectiveness in treating B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BL-ALL), but a significant number of patients relapse with CD19(-) disease. This study demonstrates that creating a CD19/20/22-targeting CAR T-cell can effectively target CD19(-) escape leukemia cells, forming dense immune synapses at the subcellular level.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Toward Better Understanding and Management of CAR-T Cell-Associated Toxicity

Andrea Schmidts et al.

Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia and large B cell lymphoma. However, it is associated with toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and ICANS, which require further research and attention to manage effectively.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE, VOL 72, 2021 (2021)

Review Oncology

Side-effect management of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy

M-L Schubert et al.

Summary: CAR T-cell therapy targeting CD19-expressing B cells has shown promising results in treating refractory and/or relapsed B-cell malignancies, but also presents challenges such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity syndrome. Optimal management strategies for the side-effects associated with CAR T-cell therapy are crucial as it expands into other diseases in hematology and oncology.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

A phase 1b study of dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 or KIR blockade in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoid malignancies

Philippe Armand et al.

Summary: This study examined the safety and efficacy of combining PD-1 blockade with other pathways inhibitors in lymphoid malignancies. While some combinations showed effectiveness in cHL patients, overall, the combinations did not significantly improve upon the efficacy of single-agent nivolumab in the diseases studied.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

Article Hematology

Flotetuzumab as salvage immunotherapy for refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Geoffrey L. Uy et al.

Summary: This study presents the results of a multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 study of flotetuzumab in 88 adults with relapsed/refractory AML, showing clinical benefits in PIF/ER patients and encouraging evidence of activity. Flotetuzumab represents an innovative experimental approach associated with acceptable safety.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Hematology

Tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic determinants of response to blinatumomab in adults with B-ALL

Yaqi Zhao et al.

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of blinatumomab in patients with B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and found that both tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors influence blinatumomab response. CD19 mutations were commonly detected in CD19(-) relapse during blinatumomab treatment, and the identification of the CD19 ex2part splice variant represents a new biomarker predictive of blinatumomab therapy failure.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Hematology

A phase 1 study of inotuzumab ozogamicin in pediatric relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ITCC-059 study)

Erica Brivio et al.

Summary: This phase 1 study investigated the efficacy and safety of inotuzumab ozogamicin in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, establishing the recommended phase 2 dose as 1.8 mg/m(2). The treatment showed promising efficacy and good tolerability, with potential clinical implications.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Oncology

CD19-specific CAR T Cells that Express a PD-1/CD28 Chimeric Switch-Receptor are Effective in Patients with PD-L1-positive B-Cell Lymphoma

Hui Liu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that CD19-PD-1/CD28-CAR T cells have better efficacy in treating PD-L1 positive B-cell lymphoma compared to CD19-CAR T cells. Among 17 patients who received CAR T therapy, 58.8% had objective response with 41.2% achieving complete remission at a median follow-up of 15 months. No severe neurological toxicity or cytokine release syndrome was observed.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Review Oncology

Recent advances in chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy for overcoming intractable hematological malignancies

Junji Tanaka

Summary: CAR-NK cells, with potent anti-leukemia/lymphoma effects and better proliferative capacity, have shown promise as an off-the-shelf allogeneic cellular therapy for overcoming intractable hematological malignancies. The safety and efficacy of CAR-NK cells, particularly in HLA-mismatched allogeneic cord blood-derived CD19 CAR-NK cell therapy for CD19-positive hematological malignancies, have been reported but the durability of clinical effects remains to be clarified.

HEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer: Clinical Impact and Mechanisms of Response and Resistance

Sreya Bagchi et al.

Summary: This article highlights the significance of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy and the research findings on the changes in local and systemic immune cells after treatment. It emphasizes the need for understanding the requirements for an effective and safe antitumor immune response following ICI therapy.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY: MECHANISMS OF DISEASE, VOL 16, 2021 (2021)

Article Hematology

Final results of a phase 1 study of loncastuximab tesirine in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Mehdi Hamadani et al.

Summary: Loncastuximab tesirine, an antibody-drug conjugate, shows promising efficacy and safety in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, especially for certain specific lymphoma subtypes. This study suggests that loncastuximab tesirine could be a valuable treatment option for these patients and warrants further investigation in phase 2 trials.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Hematology

A phase 1 study of a novel fully human BCMA-targeting CAR (CT103A) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma

Di Wang et al.

Summary: CT103A, a fully human BCMA-specific CAR T-cell therapy, has shown safety and high efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, including those who had prior exposures to murine BCMA CAR therapy. Its overall response rate reaches 100%, with a significant portion achieving complete response or stringent complete response. Hematologic toxicities are common adverse events, but no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome was observed. Detection of CAR transgenes and median CAR transgene persistence support the potential of CT103A as a promising therapy for RRMM.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Interferons in cancer immunoediting: sculpting metastasis and immunotherapy response

Michelle von Locquenghien et al.

Summary: Interferons (IFNs) play a critical role in regulating epithelial cell functions and immune system regulation, impacting both tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms in cancer. Understanding the dynamic responses to IFN can lead to novel immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome pro-tumorigenic effects of IFNs while utilizing their anti-tumor immunity. These insights also shed light on immunotherapy-mediated immunoediting and the dual opposing roles of IFNs in immune checkpoint blockade response.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Oncology

Progranulin induces immune escape in breast cancer via up-regulating PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promoting CD8+ T cell exclusion

Wenli Fang et al.

Summary: The study reveals that PGRN promotes M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, through the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, PGRN can facilitate immune escape in breast tumors.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Oncology

HDP-101, an Anti-BCMA Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Safely Delivers Amanitin to Induce Cell Death in Proliferating and Resting Multiple Myeloma Cells

Vianihuini Figueroa-Vazquez et al.

Summary: HDP-101, an anti-BCMA antibody conjugated with an amanitin derivative, demonstrates high efficacy against multiple myeloma cells while sparing BCMA-negative cells. It induces tumor regression in animal models at low doses and shows good tolerability, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach to overcome drug resistance in this disease.

MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Low-dose decitabine priming endows CAR T cells with enhanced and persistent antitumour potential via epigenetic reprogramming

Yao Wang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that pre-treatment of CAR T cells with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor enhances anti-tumor activities, cytokine production, and proliferation, allowing for effective eradication of tumors at low doses and improved response to tumor rechallenge.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Oncology

Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: ASCO Guideline

Bianca D. Santomasso et al.

Summary: This guideline aims to provide guidance on the management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy, developed by a multidisciplinary team based on expert consensus. Management of CAR T-cell-related toxicities includes supportive care and pharmacologic interventions, such as tocilizumab and corticosteroids, for severe symptoms.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Hematology

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies: is there an excess risk for infection?

Carlota Gudiol et al.

Summary: CAR T-cell therapy shows promise for refractory or relapsed B-cell malignancies, with increased risk of infectious complications managed by anti-interleukin-6 antibodies, corticosteroids, and other methods.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

A bispecific CAR-T cell therapy targeting BCMA and CD38 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

Heng Mei et al.

Summary: Bispecific BM38 CAR-T cells showed strong efficacy in patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (RRMM), with good clinical responses and manageable toxicities.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Bispecific antibody-activated T cells enhance NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Zhaoming Wang et al.

Summary: Research suggests that treatment with anti-CD3 x anti-cancer bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) may enhance T cell help, maintaining long-term NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Hematology

Practical guidelines for monitoring and management of coagulopathy following tisagenlecleucel CAR T-cell therapy

Jochen Buechner et al.

Summary: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) associated with CAR-T therapies can lead to coagulopathy and hypofibrinogenemia. Management of hypofibrinogenemia with fibrinogen concentrate or cryoprecipitate replacement is effective in avoiding severe bleeding events. Monitoring fibrinogen levels in patients with moderate or severe CRS is crucial for patient safety.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Article Hematology

Tumor interferon signaling and suppressive myeloid cells are associated with CAR T-cell failure in large B-cell lymphoma

Michael D. Jain et al.

Summary: This study found that in LBCL tumors, IFN signaling is associated with the expression of immune checkpoint ligands, and it is related to lack of durable response to CAR-T therapy. Immune dysregulation promotes axi-cel resistance via multiple mechanistic programs, including insufficient axi-cel expansion due to circulating M-MDSC and tumor IFN signaling.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Oncology

CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Universal CD19/CD22 Dual-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Yongxian Hu et al.

Summary: The study successfully developed CRISPR-edited universal CAR-T cells as a novel therapy for r/r ALL. Results showed that this therapy has a manageable safety profile and prominent antileukemia activity, providing an alternative treatment option for patients.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Postreinduction Therapy Consolidation With Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Disease-Free Survival in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With First Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia A Randomized Clinical Trial

Patrick A. Brown et al.

Summary: In children, adolescents, and young adults with high- and intermediate-risk first relapse of B-ALL, postreinduction treatment with blinatumomab compared with chemotherapy, followed by transplant, did not result in a statistically significant difference in disease-free survival. However, study interpretation is limited by early termination with possible underpowering for the primary end point.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children With High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia A Randomized Clinical Trial

Franco Locatelli et al.

Summary: This study compared the effects of blinatumomab with consolidation chemotherapy as a third consolidation block before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in children with high-risk first-relapse B-ALL. The results showed that, compared to chemotherapy, treatment with blinatumomab significantly improved event-free survival in children with high-risk first-relapse B-ALL.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Oncology

Moxetumomab pasudotox in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL): long-term follow-up from the pivotal trial

Robert J. Kreitman et al.

Summary: Moxetumomab pasudotox demonstrated a high rate of durable responses and minimal residual disease negativity in patients with relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia, with a manageable safety profile.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

Immunogenicity of CAR T cells in cancer therapy

Dimitrios L. Wagner et al.

Summary: CAR T cells have shown significant clinical responses in patients with certain advanced-stage B cell malignancies, but some patients may experience anti-CAR immune responses leading to treatment failure. Strategies to monitor and reduce the risks of anti-CAR immune responses are needed to improve CAR T cell therapy outcomes.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Nikhil C. Munshi et al.

Summary: The phase 2 study confirmed the efficacy and safety of ide-cel in patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma, with a majority of patients achieving responses and 26% achieving MRD-negative status. Despite the high response rate, almost all patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxic effects, including hematologic toxic effects and cytokine release syndrome.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-cell profiling identifies pre-existing CD19-negative subclones in a B-ALL patient with CD19-negative relapse after CAR-T therapy

Tracy Rabilloud et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that CD19-negative leukemic subclones may already exist before CAR-T cell therapy in patients with B-ALL, leading to potential relapse. By utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing, pre-existing CD19 negative subclones were identified, highlighting the possibility of assessing the risk of targeted therapy failure.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Biallelic loss of BCMA as a resistance mechanism to CAR T cell therapy in a patient with multiple myeloma

Mehmet Kemal Samur et al.

Summary: Relapse following BCMA targeted CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma patients is often due to biallelic loss of BCMA, which hinders the proliferation of CAR T cells and results in lack of response to retreatment. Single cell genomic characterization is essential for detecting BCMA gene alterations to improve treatment outcomes.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Hematology

Ublituximab plus ibrutinib versus ibrutinib alone for patients with relapsed or refractory high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (GENUINE): a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised trial

Jeff P. Sharman et al.

Summary: The study found that adding ublituximab to ibrutinib therapy in high-risk patients resulted in a significantly higher overall response rate without affecting the safety profile of ibrutinib monotherapy.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Hematological immune related adverse events after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Rafaela Kramer et al.

Summary: Hematological immune-related adverse events (hem-irAE) are rare but severe complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy, including thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, which can lead to persistent changes or even fatal outcomes. Treatment may require second-line immunosuppression in addition to discontinuation of ICI and corticosteroids.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Unravelling Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Autoimmune Diabetes: From Bench to Bedside

Linda Wu et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have greatly impacted oncological therapy, but have also led to a new set of immune related adverse events, including checkpoint inhibitor-related autoimmune diabetes. Studying autoimmune diabetes may help in identifying new therapeutic strategies.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

4-1BB and optimized CD28 co-stimulation enhances function of human mono-specific and bi-specific third-generation CAR T cells

Emiliano Roselli et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that combining 4-1BB with an optimized form of CD28 for co-stimulation is an effective way to enhance CAR T cell function. Both mono-specific and bi-specific versions of this design show improved expansion, persistence, and resistance to exhaustion in vitro and in vivo.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Article Oncology

Engineering CAR-NK cells to secrete IL-15 sustains their anti-AML functionality but is associated with systemic toxicities

Ilias Christodoulou et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that engineering NK cells to express CARs and IL-15 can enhance their anti-AML activity. However, this modification also comes with potential systemic toxicities.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid Immune-related Adverse Events Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment

Christopher A. Muir et al.

Summary: Thyroid dysfunction is common following immune checkpoint inhibition, with different subtypes of thyroid immune-related adverse events having unique clinical and biochemical associations. Overt thyrotoxicosis was associated with longer progression free survival and overall survival, while hypothyroidism showed no association with cancer outcomes. Multiple distinct phenotypes of thyroid irAEs suggest potentially different etiologies for thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Article Oncology

Glofitamab, a Novel, Bivalent CD20-Targeting T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibody, Induces Durable Complete Remissions in Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase I Trial

Martin Hutchings et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the use of glofitamab in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patients. The results showed favorable activity of glofitamab in patients with predominantly refractory, aggressive B-NHL, with frequent and durable complete responses and a predictable and manageable safety profile.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell design and engineering for cancer therapy

Ying Gong et al.

Summary: NK cells, especially CAR-NK cells, play a crucial role in cancer treatment. Advances in CAR-NK technology show promising potential in efficiently targeting cancer cells with reduced side effects. These developments contribute to improving cancer treatment strategies.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

Bispecific T cell engagers: an emerging therapy for management of hematologic malignancies

Zheng Tian et al.

Summary: Harnessing the power of immune cells, especially T cells, to enhance anti-tumor activities has become a promising strategy in clinical management of hematologic malignancies. Bispecific antibodies such as BiTEs have shown potential in recruiting T cells to tumor cells for immunotherapy, with a focus on improving efficacy and safety in clinical treatments for hematologic malignancies.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Loncastuximab tesirine in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LOTIS-2): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial

Paolo F. Caimi et al.

Summary: Loncastuximab tesirine shows substantial antitumor activity and acceptable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL, potentially offering a new therapeutic option for heavily pretreated individuals.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Endocrine toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Jordan J. Wright et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a cornerstone of cancer therapeutics, but can also cause toxicities in various organs known as immune-related adverse events. ICIs can lead to endocrinopathies involving the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands, and pancreas, which are common and sometimes fatal.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Leveraging Single-Cell Sequencing for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapies

Rocio Castellanos-Rueda et al.

Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies against cancer have made progress, but subpar efficacy remains an obstacle. Analyzing the transcriptome can provide insights into CAR-induced T cell activation.

TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Single-cell multiomics dissection of basal and antigen-specific activation states of CD19-targeted CAR T cells

Zhiliang Bai et al.

Summary: Using single-cell mRNA sequencing and CITE-seq, researchers conducted multiomics characterization of CAR T cells from healthy donors and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, revealing heterogeneities in transcriptional, phenotypic, functional, and metabolic profiles between donor and patient CAR T cells. Donor CAR T cells exhibited more pronounced activation levels upon CD19 stimulation.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Bispecific Antibodies: A Review of Development, Clinical Efficacy and Toxicity in B-Cell Lymphomas

Ross Salvaris et al.

Summary: The treatment landscape of B-cell lymphomas is evolving with the development of novel agents, with bispecific antibodies playing an increasingly important role. Several bispecific antibodies have entered clinical trials, including studies on CD20/CD3, and have shown promising overall response rates.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2021)

Article Hematology

CAR-HEMATOTOX: a model for CAR T-cell-related hematologic toxicity in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma

Kai Rejeski et al.

Summary: Hematotoxicity is a common adverse event in CAR T-cell therapy, with baseline thrombocytopenia and hyperferritinemia being significant predictive markers. The CAR-HEMATOTOX model can accurately predict the occurrence of severe neutropenia.

BLOOD (2021)

Article Hematology

Characterization of HLH-like manifestations as a CRS variant in CD22 CAR T cells

Daniel A. Lichtenstein et al.

Summary: In a subset of patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell toxicities resembling hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) can occur, known as carHLH. This study comprehensively characterized the manifestations and timing of carHLH, highlighting factors such as preinfusion natural killer cell lymphopenia and higher bone marrow T-cell:NK cell ratio associated with its development. Additionally, carHLH was characterized by persistent elevation of HLH-associated inflammatory cytokines following CAR T-cell expansion.

BLOOD (2021)

Review Oncology

Mechanisms of Therapeutic Antitumor Monoclonal Antibodies

Li-Chung Tsao et al.

Summary: Monoclonal antibodies are a crucial component of cancer therapy, primarily working by stimulating innate immune effector processes. Different therapeutic mAbs targeting various tumor antigens have shown significant efficacy, with a key role of innate immune-mediated mechanisms observed in mAb therapies against different types of cancer, including HER2(+) solid tumors.

CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Oncology

Rapamycin Pretreatment Rescues the Bone Marrow AML Cell Elimination Capacity of CAR-T Cells

Zhigang Nian et al.

Summary: CAR-T therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has shown limited efficacy in clinical trials. This study identified aberrant mTORC1 signaling in CAR-T cells as a potential cause for this limited efficacy. Pretreatment with rapamycin to modulate mTORC1 activity enhanced the bone marrow infiltration capacity and anti-AML efficacy of CAR-T cells.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Acute Kidney Injury in the Modern Era of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Matthew H. Abramson et al.

Summary: AKI is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, increasing risk of nonrelapse mortality. Risk factors include exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and graft versus host disease, while T cell-depleted transplants and higher serum albumin levels can reduce the risk of AKI.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Improves Event-Free Survival and Reduces Relapse in Pediatric KMT2A-Rearranged AML: Results From the Phase III Children's Oncology Group Trial AAML0531

Jessica A. Pollard et al.

Summary: Using the CD33-targeted agent gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) improved event-free survival (EFS) and reduced relapse risk (RR) for pediatric patients with KMT2A-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Incorporating GO into treatment may lead to better outcomes, especially when combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Biologic Assignment Trial of Reduced-Intensity Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Based on Donor Availability in Patients 50-75 Years of Age With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Ryotaro Nakamura et al.

Summary: The study compared allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with other treatments for patients aged 50-75 with intermediate-2 or high-risk de novo MDS, and found that HCT with a matched donor significantly improved 3-year overall survival rate and leukemia-free survival rate.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Donor-Derived CD7 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: First-in-Human, Phase I Trial

Jing Pan et al.

Summary: Donor-derived anti-CD7 CAR T cells showed efficient expansion and high complete remission rate in patients with r/r T-ALL, with manageable adverse events.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Single-cell imaging of T cell immunotherapy

Chuan Yan et al.

Summary: This study utilized optically clear immunocompromised zebrafish models engrafted with fluorescent-labeled human cancers and various T cell immunotherapies to visualize T cell immune responses at single-cell resolution in real time. Differences in kinetics of T cell infiltration, tumor cell engagement, and killing were identified among the immunotherapies, leading to early endpoint analysis for predicting therapy responses. EGFR-targeted immunotherapies were established as a powerful approach to eradicate rhabdomyosarcoma muscle cancers, suggesting the potential of assessing a broader range of T cell immunotherapies in this disease.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Oncology

CD38-directed CAR-T cell therapy: a novel immunotherapy strategy for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Qingya Cui et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the potential efficacy and safety of CD38-targeted CAR-T cells in treating relapsed AML patients by eliminating CD38 positive blasts without off-target effects, although the risk of relapse still exists.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Teclistamab, a B-cell maturation antigenxCD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MajesTEC-1): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 study

Saad Z. Usmani et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the novel therapy teclistamab for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The results showed promising response rates and durable efficacy in patients treated at the recommended phase 2 dose, with good overall safety profiles.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma (IKEMA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial

Philippe Moreau et al.

Summary: The study showed that the addition of isatuximab to carfilzomib-dexamethasone significantly improves progression-free survival and depth of response in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, representing a new standard of care for this patient population.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

KTE-X19 for relapsed or refractory adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: phase 2 results of the single-arm, open-label, multicentre ZUMA-3 study

Bijal D. Shah et al.

Summary: KTE-X19 demonstrated a high rate of complete remission or complete remission with incomplete haematological recovery in adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Median overall survival was not reached in responding patients, and the therapy showed a manageable safety profile. These findings suggest that KTE-X19 has the potential to provide long-term clinical benefit to these patients.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dose escalation of subcutaneous epcoritamab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an open-label, phase 1/2 study

Martin Hutchings et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and recommended dose of a novel bispecific antibody epcoritamab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The results showed that the full dose of 48 mg was identified as the recommended phase 2 dose, and no maximum tolerated dose was reached during the treatment. Epcoritamab demonstrated good antitumor activity in some patients during the study.

LANCET (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigendirected chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): a phase 1b/2 open-label study

Jesus G. Berdeja et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical activity of cilta-cel in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, and the results showed that cilta-cel treatment achieved good efficacy and safety with short treatment duration, deep response, and long duration of response.

LANCET (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CAR T cells with dual targeting of CD19 and CD22 in adult patients with recurrent or refractory B cell malignancies: a phase 1 trial

Jay Y. Spiegel et al.

Summary: Despite impressive progress in CAR-T cell therapy, more than 50% of patients treated with CD19-targeting CAR-T cells experience disease progression, often associated with antigen loss. To address this issue, researchers tested a bispecific CAR targeting CD19 and/or CD22, which showed high efficacy in preventing relapse in patients with B-ALL and LBCL. Antigen loss was identified as a major cause of CAR T cell resistance, emphasizing the importance of engineering multi-specific CAR T cells with equivalent potency and cytokine production as a quality indicator for potency.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Treg-expressed CTLA-4 depletes CD80/CD86 by trogocytosis, releasing free PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells

Murat Tekguc et al.

Summary: Regulatory T cells reduce the expression of CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells through CTLA-4-dependent trogocytosis, inhibiting T cell immune responses. This mechanism can have dual suppressive effects, limiting CD80/CD86 costimulation to naive T cells and increasing free PD-L1 available for the inhibition of PD-1-expressing effector T cells.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Review Immunology

Exploiting Single-Cell Tools in Gene and Cell Therapy

Daniel Bode et al.

Summary: The rapid development of single-cell molecular tools has enabled in-depth exploration of individual cell genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome, unraveling the molecular networks of complex biological systems. This technology plays a crucial role in fields with cellular heterogeneity such as stem cell biology, immunology, and tumor cell biology. Moreover, single-cell omics technologies have contributed to the identification of novel disease biomarkers, cellular subsets, therapeutic targets, and diagnostics.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Hematology

Indatuximab ravtansine plus dexamethasone with lenalidomide or pomalidomide in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a multicentre, phase 1/2a study

Kevin R. Kelly et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and activity of indatuximab ravtansine in combination with immunomodulatory drugs in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The results showed that this combination therapy demonstrated good tolerability and antitumor activity in the patient population.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for acquired thrombocytopenia following anti-CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy: a case report

Rebecca Baur et al.

Summary: CAR-T cell therapy shows promise in treating relapsed or refractory lymphoma and leukemia, but can lead to hematotoxicity, including anemia and thrombocytopenia, which may increase the risk of infection or bleeding. Additional supportive measures such as Romiplostim may be used to manage these toxicities, but further clinical studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this approach.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Review Immunology

Evolution of Cancer Vaccines-Challenges, Achievements, and Future Directions

Ban Qi Tay et al.

Summary: Advances in genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have led to promising developments in cancer vaccine research, with novel delivery methods and combination therapies offering new hope for the future of cancer vaccines.

VACCINES (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Comparison of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Refractory or Relapsed Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Jun Du et al.

Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of allogeneic HSCT and autologous HSCT in treating refractory or relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and found that both had similar overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes, with allogeneic HSCT potentially offering specific survival benefits in certain patient populations.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Review Oncology

Cellular immunotherapy for hematological malignancy: recent progress and future perspectives

Zhengli Xu et al.

Summary: Advancements in cellular immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies by utilizing the patient's immune system to target cancer cells. While CAR-T cell therapy has shown success in treating certain malignancies, challenges such as resistance and non-durable efficacy remain. Strategies like NK cell therapy and haploidentical allografts are being explored as complementary treatments to achieve curative effects, especially in refractory cases.

CANCER BIOLOGY & MEDICINE (2021)

Review Oncology

Therapeutic cancer vaccines

Mansi Saxena et al.

Summary: Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to induce tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting anti-tumor memory, and avoid non-specific or adverse reactions. However, challenges arise due to tumor-induced immunosuppression and immunoresistance, hindering the achievement of these goals.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid Immune-related Adverse Events Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment

Christopher A. Muir et al.

Summary: Thyroid dysfunction is common following immune checkpoint inhibition, with distinct phenotypes of thyroid irAEs showing unique clinical and biochemical associations. Overt thyrotoxicosis was associated with longer survival outcomes, while no association was found between hypothyroidism and cancer outcomes.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Translating gammadelta (gamma delta) T cells and their receptors into cancer cell therapies

Zsolt Sebestyen et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

CAR T-Cell Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies: A Voyage in Progress

Sarah A. Holstein et al.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

Article Oncology

Polatuzumab Vedotin in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Laurie H. Sehn et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity

Lucy Boyce Kennedy et al.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2020)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Acute Kidney Injury and CKD Associated with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Amanda DeMauro Renaghan et al.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2020)

Article Oncology

Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen BiTE Molecule AMG 420 Induces Responses in Multiple Myeloma

Max S. Topp et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Global Longitudinal Strain and Cardiac Events in Patients With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis

Magid Awadalla et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

'Off-the-shelf' allogeneic CAR T cells: development and challenges

S. Depil et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Use of CAR-Transduced Natural Killer Cells in CD19-Positive Lymphoid Tumors

Enli Liu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Immunology

Targeted deletion of PD-1 in myeloid cells induces antitumor immunity

Laura Strauss et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Challenges and strategies for next-generation bispecific antibody-based antitumor therapeutics

Heliang Li et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myositis: From Biology to Bedside

Antonio G. Solimando et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Cell Biology

Dendritic cells dictate responses to PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy

Maud Mayoux et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2020)

Review Dermatology

Dermatologic toxicities to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A review of histopathologic features

Samantha R. Ellis et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2020)

Review Dermatology

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related dermatologic adverse events

Amaris N. Geisler et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Diagnosis and Treatment of VOD/SOS After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Francesca Bonifazi et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

T cell-engaging therapies - BiTEs and beyond

Maria-Elisabeth Goebeler et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

KTE-X19 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed or Refractory Mantle-Cell Lymphoma

Michael Wang et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Allergy

Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies

Craig W. Freyer et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Oncology

Chronic immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis

Jarushka Naidoo et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

Article Oncology

Acute kidney injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: incidence, risk factors and outcomes

Alejandro Meraz-Munoz et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

Article Oncology

Anti-CD30 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Carlos A. Ramos et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Renal Events

Sandra M. Herrmann et al.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dasatinib-Blinatumomab for Ph-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults

Robin Foa et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Revisiting the PD-1 pathway

Nikolaos Patsoukis et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2020)

Article Oncology

Point mutation inCD19facilitates immune escape of B cell lymphoma from CAR-T cell therapy

Zhen Zhang et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

CAR-NK cells: A promising cellular immunotherapy for cancer

Guozhu Xie et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, where are we?

Li Zhang et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER (2020)

Review Oncology

Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy

Ahmet Yilmaz et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Anti-tumour immunity induces aberrant peptide presentation in melanoma

Osnat Bartok et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The model of cytokine release syndrome in CAR T-cell treatment for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Jianshu Wei et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

Article Biophysics

Early and late hematologic toxicity following CD19 CAR-T cells

Shalev Fried et al.

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (2019)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endocrine-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Jeroen de Filette et al.

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2019)

Article Oncology

Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities. Version 1.2019

John A. Thompson et al.

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CAR T cell trogocytosis and cooperative killing regulate tumour antigen escape

Mohamad Hamieh et al.

NATURE (2019)

Article Cell Biology

GPRC5D is a target for the immunotherapy of multiple myeloma with rationally designed CAR T cells

Eric L. Smith et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2019)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy bb2121 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Noopur Raje et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A review of bispecific antibodies and antibody constructs in oncology and clinical challenges

Frans V. Suurs et al.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

leExploratory trial of a biepitopic CAR T-targeting B cell maturation antigen in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma

Jie Xu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report and systematic review

Jeroen M. K. de Filette et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

MCLA-117, a CLEC12AxCD3 bispecific antibody targeting a leukaemic stem cell antigen, induces T cell-mediated AML blast lysis

Pieter Fokko van Loo et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY (2019)

Article Immunology

Bacterial Infections in the Stem Cell Transplant Recipient and Hematologic Malignancy Patient

Elizabeth Ann Misch et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2019)

Article Immunology

Respiratory Virus Infections of the Stem Cell Transplant Recipient and the Hematologic Malignancy Patient

Lauren Fontana et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2019)

Article Oncology

Treatment Outcomes of Immune-Related Cutaneous Adverse Events

Gregory S. Phillips et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2019)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Inhibition Mechanisms of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)

Ute F. Rohrig et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

Article Oncology

Management of cytokine release syndrome related to CAR-T cell therapy

Hongli Chen et al.

FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE (2019)

Review Oncology

Multi-antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells for cancer therapy

Xiao Han et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2019)

Article Hematology

ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells

Daniel W. Lee et al.

BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (2019)

Review Respiratory System

Management of pulmonary toxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Myriam Delaunay et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW (2019)

Review Hematology

Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma in the modern era

Hao-Wei Wang et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2019)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Safety and Tolerability of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Cancer

Anna Wolska-Washer et al.

DRUG SAFETY (2019)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tisagenlecleucel in Adult Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Stephen J. Schuster et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cleavable linkers in antibody-drug conjugates

Jonathan D. Bargh et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2019)

Review Oncology

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy - assessment and management of toxicities

Sattva S. Neelapu et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2018)

Letter Oncology

Hypogammaglobulinemia due to CAR T-cell therapy

Michael A. Pulsipher

PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER (2018)

Review Oncology

Bispecific antibodies in haematological malignancies

Andreas Viardot et al.

CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS (2018)

Article Oncology

CAR-T cells targeting CLL-1 as an approach to treat acute myeloid leukemia

Jinghua Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2018)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Characterization of liver injury induced by cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors

Eleonora De Martin et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2018)

Article Oncology

New NCCN Guidelines: Recognition and Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicity

John A. Thompson

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CAR T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome is mediated by macrophages and abated by IL-1 blockade

Theodoros Giavridis et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2018)

Editorial Material Biochemical Research Methods

Exponential scaling of single-cell RNA-seq in the past decade

Valentine Svensson et al.

NATURE PROTOCOLS (2018)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The promise and challenges of immune agonist antibody development in cancer

Patrick A. Mayes et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2018)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: from mechanisms to management

Mark A. Samaan et al.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2018)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Venetoclax-Rituximab in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

J. F. Seymour et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Daratumumab plus Bortezomib, Melphalan, and Prednisone for Untreated Myeloma

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