Engineering a hierarchical reduced graphene oxide and lignosulfonate derived carbon framework supported tin dioxide nanocomposite for lithium-ion storage

Tin dioxide (SnO2) is widely recognized as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries. To simultaneously achieve satisfactory electrochemical performances and lower manufacturing costs, engineering nano-sized SnO2 and further immobilizing SnO2 with supportive carbon frameworks via eco-friendly and costeffective approaches are challenging tasks. In this work, biomass sodium lignosulfonate (LS-Na), stannous chloride (SnCl2) and a small amount of few-layered graphene oxide (GO) are employed as raw materials to engineer a hierarchical carbon framework supported SnO2 nanocomposite. The spontaneous chelation reaction between LS-Na and SnCl2 under mild hydrothermal condition generates the corresponding SnCl2@LS sample with a uniform distribution of Sn2+ in the LS domains, and the SnCl2@LS sample is further dispersed by GO sheets via a redox coprecipitation reaction. After a thermal treatment, the SnCl2@LS@GO sample is converted to the final SnO2/LSC/RGO sample with an improved microstructure. The SnO2/LSC/RGO nanocomposite exhibits excellent lithium-ion storage performances with a high specific capacity of 938.3 mAh/g after 600 cycles at 1000

Automated summary

In this work, a hierarchical carbon framework supported SnO2 nanocomposite was engineered using biomass sodium lignosulfonate, stannous chloride, and few-layered graphene oxide as raw materials. The SnCl2@LS sample with a uniform distribution of Sn2+ in the LS domains was formed through a spontaneous chelation reaction, and it was further dispersed by GO sheets via a redox coprecipitation reaction. The SnO2/LSC/RGO nanocomposite exhibited excellent lithium-ion storage performances with a high specific capacity of 938.3 mAh/g after 600 cycles at 1000°C.