Regulation of erythropoiesis: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications

The process of erythropoiesis is complex and involves the transfer of cells from the yolk sac to the fetal hepar and, ultimately, to the bone marrow during embryonic development. Within the bone marrow, erythroid progenitor cells undergo several stages to generate reticulocytes that enter the bloodstream. Erythropoiesis is regulated by various factors, with erythropoietin (EPO) synthesized by the kidney being the promoting factor and hepcidin synthesized by the hepar inhibiting iron mobilization. Transcription factors, such as GATA and KLF, also play a crucial role in erythropoiesis. Disruption of any of these factors can lead to abnormal erythropoiesis, resulting in red cell excess, red cell deficiency, or abnormal morphological function. This review provides a general description of erythropoiesis, as well as its regulation, highlighting the significance of understanding the process for the diagnosis and treatment of various hematological disorders.

Automated summary

Erythropoiesis is a complex process involving the transfer of cells from the yolk sac to the fetal hepar and then to the bone marrow. Erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow undergo stages of development to produce reticulocytes that enter the bloodstream. Various factors, including erythropoietin and hepcidin, regulate erythropoiesis. Disruptions in these factors can lead to abnormal red blood cell production and function. Understanding erythropoiesis is important for diagnosing and treating hematological disorders.